Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Fundamentals of the Marxist Theory free essay sample
A conversation of the essential financial, mental, ideological and scholarly speculations of Marxism. This paper talks about the significant speculations of Marxism. The creator centers around center points of view of Marxism as the conviction that history is dictated by financial matters and that monetary emergencies will bring about expanded neediness, which thusly will motivate the average workers to revolt, expelling the business people. The creator dissects these thoughts and belief systems. Marxism is a monetary and political way of thinking named for its originator, Karl Marx (1818-83). Marx was a German social rationalist and progressive, who, in 1844, met in Paris another German scholar, Fredrich Engels (1820-95), starting a long coordinated effort. After four years, they composed the Communist Manifesto, establishing the framework for communism and socialism. Marx is most surely understand for Das Kapital (The Capital), which took him thirty years to finish and was distributed in three volumes, the first in 1867, and the second and third after his demise in 1885 and 1894 (Mayo, 1960). We will compose a custom exposition test on Essentials of the Marxist Theory or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Alcohol consumption Essay Example for Free
Liquor utilization Essay Drinking an excessive amount of â⬠on a solitary event or after some time â⬠can negatively affect your wellbeing. Hereââ¬â¢s how liquor can influence your body: Brain: Alcohol meddles with the brainââ¬â¢s correspondence pathways, and can influence the manner in which the cerebrum looks and works. These interruptions can change temperament and conduct, and make it harder to think plainly and move with coordination. Heart: Drinking significantly over quite a while or a lot on a solitary event can harm the heart, causing issues including: â⬠¢CARDIOMYOPATHY â⬠STRETCHING AND DROOPING OF HEART MUSCLE â⬠¢ARRHYTHMIAS â⬠IRREGULAR HEART BEAT. â⬠¢STROKE â⬠¢HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Research additionally shows that drinking moderate measures of liquor may shield sound grown-ups from creating coronary illness. Liver: Heavy drinking negatively affects the liver, and can prompt an assortment of issues and liver irritations including: â⬠¢STEATOSIS, OR FATTY LIVER â⬠¢ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS â⬠¢FIBROSIS â⬠¢CIRRHOSIS Pancreas: Alcohol makes the pancreas produce poisonous substances that can in the long run lead to pancreatitis, a perilous aggravation and expanding of the veins in the pancreas that forestalls legitimate processing. Malignant growth: Drinking an excessive amount of liquor can expand your danger of building up specific tumors, including malignancies of the: â⬠¢MOUTH â⬠¢ESOPHAGUS â⬠¢THROAT â⬠¢LIVER â⬠¢BREAST Immune System: Drinking an excess of can debilitate your resistant framework, making your body an a lot simpler objective for ailment. Constant consumers are increasingly at risk to contract illnesses like pneumonia and tuberculosis than individuals who don't drink excessively. Drinking a great deal on a solitary event eases back your bodyââ¬â¢s capacity to avoid contaminations â⬠even as long as 24 hours in the wake of getting alcoholic Consequences of drinking a lot of Alcohol enters your circulatory system when you take your first taste. Alcoholââ¬â¢s prompt impacts can show up inside around 10 minutes. As you drink, you increment your blood liquor focus (BAC) level, which is the measure of liquor present in your circulatory system. The higher your BAC, the more weakened you become by alcoholââ¬â¢s impacts. These impacts can incorporate.
Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People Essay
Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People - Essay Example From this paper plainly Western religion is generally Christian (counting all the admissions) which assumes certain morals and convictions, so western strict conventions are entirely unexpected from the eastern ones. For instance, Chinese unique religion Confucianism can't be even called ââ¬Å"religionâ⬠as it would appear that only a specific moral precept dependent on political qualities. In the interim, Indian-began Buddhism is absolutely supernatural and halfway legendary religion that likewise doesnââ¬â¢t have such conventional god as westerners comprehend the idea of god. In any case, as should be obvious, these days we are a long way from that occasions when diverse strict perspectives affected peopleââ¬â¢s correspondence. In addition, we even utilize each otherââ¬â¢s rehearses in regular day to day existence; for example, such eastern strict practice like yoga has gotten generally well known among westerners up until now, as it is very pertinent even independen tly from the religion it has a place with. This paper features that as we live on the planet with no fringes we regularly cooperate with numerous societies. Meeting them, we can frequently feel like we are being misjudged at the earliest reference point. Be that as it may, it is the matter of time. Just in short notification it turns out to be simple for us to see each other like on the off chance that we were from a similar culture, in light of the fact that in truth our crucial suspicions about the world donââ¬â¢t assume significant job in our correspondence. This is clearly the aftereffect of globalization of society, as we donââ¬â¢t even notification that with accessibility of data overall our societies are gradually blending and incorporating with one another. Another explanation is worldwide relocation of individuals from various societies to different spots to live, in light of the fact that they bring their societies and frequently scatter data about them inside the new condition. Both eastern and western indivi duals learn at similar colleges and gain proficiency with the equivalent things.â
Friday, August 21, 2020
Example Sentences Using the Verb Find
Model Sentences Using the Verb Find This page gives model sentences of the action word find utilized in all tenses including dynamic and inactive structures, just as contingent and modular structures. Base Form: FindPast Simple: FoundPast Participle: FoundGerund: Finding Present Simple He frequently finds startling fortunes. Present Simple Passive The shop is frequently found effectively by new clients. Present Continuous He is thinking that its hard to focus. Present Continuous Passive New clients are being found at the present time. Present Perfect He has as of late got another line of work. Present Perfect Passive Another chief has been found for the position. Present Perfect Continuous He has been thinking that its hard to change in accordance with his new position. Past Simple Jerry thought that it was anything but difficult to change a week ago. Past Simple Passive A house was found after a long inquiry. Past Continuous We were finding the house when he exited the entryway. Past Continuous Passive The house was being discovered when he exited the entryway. Past Perfect They had discovered another condo when their folks showed up. Past Perfect Passive Another condo had been found when their folks showed up. Past Perfect Continuous We had been thinking that its hard to change when he got us out. Future (Will) They will discover companions rapidly. Future (Will) Passive New companions will be found rapidly. Future (Going To) He is going to discover a lodging when he shows up. Future (Going To) Passive A lodging will be discovered when you show up. Future Continuous We will discover life simple this time one week from now. Future Perfect They will have discovered another house when I show up one week from now. Future Possibility She may get another line of work without any problem. Genuine Conditional In the event that she gets another line of work, she will move away. Stunning Conditional In the event that she got another line of work, she would move away. Past Unreal Conditional In the event that she had gotten another line of work, she would have moved away. Present Modal She can get another line of work whenever. Past Modal She cannot have gotten another line of work! Conjugate with Find Quiz Utilize the action word to discover to conjugate the accompanying sentences. Test answers are underneath. Now and again, more than one answer might be right. He _____ it hard to change in accordance with his new job.He _____ it hard to pay attention.He frequently _____ surprising treasures.A new executive _____ for the position.Jerry _____ it simple to modify last week.A house _____ after a long search.A new condo _____ when their folks arrived.He _____ a lodging when he arrives.She _____ a new position easily.If she _____ a new position, she would move away. Test Answers has been findingis findingfindshas been foundfoundâ was foundhad been foundis going to discover/will findmight findfound
Tuesday, July 28, 2020
The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia
The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia Phobias Types Print The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 19, 2019 Scott Olson / GettyImages More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Wiccaphobia, or fear of witchcraft, was once a societal norm throughout much of Christian Europe and the United States. The period from the 14th century Inquisition through the witch trials of the 17th century was known as the Burning Times, in which witchcraft was a capital offense tried through the courts. Today, pagans and witches have religious freedom in most countries but fears remain. Modern Wiccaphobia may have a connection to xenophobia, or fear of those who are different, as well as religious concerns. Wiccaphobia in History The Burning Times began with the 1487 release of the Malleus Maleficarum or Witches Hammer. The book detailed how to convict and kill a witch and was popular in Europe through the late 17th century. Fear of witches also carried over to the English colonies in North America, where witchcraft was considered a capital offense. The most famous witch hunts occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, but a trial in Virginia brought the mass hysteria to light. In 1706, Grace Sherwood faced charges of witchcraft in Williamsburg, Virginia. Her trial, held at the dawn of the Age of Reason, brought to light the conflict between science and superstition. Witnesses testified that Grace caused ghosts to attack people, but the court was unconvinced by what it termed spectral evidence. Shortly after the trial, spectral evidence was officially banned from trials. What Caused the Burning Times? Witchcraft fever could be seen as a sort of mass hysteria. A deep misunderstanding of the nature of earth religions, coupled with plagues, droughts, and other hardships, likely led to the hysteria. As scientists began to make sense of the world around them, and education among the average population improved, the situation died down. Treatment During treatment, your therapist may want to explore the root of your fear and ask you questions, such as: Does your church teach that witchcraft is a sin, as many Evangelical Christian churches do?Are you afraid that you might be a witch, and if so, why?Do you believe that witches have the power to cause harm? If your fear is religious in nature, your therapist may want you to undergo spiritual counseling with your chosen religious leader in addition to or instead of traditional therapy. Xenophobia Some modern witchcraft fears have roots in xenophobia or the fear of those who are different. If you lived in a small town, you may never have encountered someone who practices Wicca or another pagan religion. You may be afraid of their customs and practices or, more likely, the customs and practices that you assume they follow based on depictions in popular culture. Combating Wiccaphobia Although the earth-based religions are generally benign, they have been negatively depicted for more than 1,000 years. Wiccaphobia is generally complex, and may not be easy to treat. Successfully overcoming a deep-rooted fear of witchcraft requires an honest exploration of your own religious and philosophical background, personality, and childhood experiences. Look for an open-minded therapist who is willing to delve into your past and seek assistance from religious leaders. Research both ancient and modern-day earth-based religions, talk to those who practice those faiths and try to remain open-minded. Although you may never become fully comfortable with the practices of witchcraft, over time you can learn to overcome your fear.
Monday, June 29, 2020
Walmarts Business Background - Free Essay Example
Business Background Sam Walton was an up-rising business owner before he unlocked the doors for the beginning of Walmart?Ã © in 1962. He and his wife operated the Ben Franklin?Ã ©. discount dime chain stores, Sam Walton had a vision for the outlook of his new store, which is similar to the mission statement for Walmart?Ã © today To have Lowest prices anytime, anywhere. According to my research on corporate.walmart.com?Ã ©, Sam Walton was prosperous in the first five-year duration with a revenue of $12.7 million. In 1970, the company became publicly traded. The Walton family are a big part of Walmart?Ã ©, as they are controlling shareholders of the company. A decade passes, and the company celebrated making $1 billion. Soon after that success, the doors of the first Walmart Supercenter?Ã ©, and Sams Club opened for the public. Sadly, Sam Walton died of cancer in 1992. Our History, Our story. N.D. https://Corporate.walmart.com?Ã © Mission Statement Sam Walton received The Presidential Medal of Freedom from the President before his death, he designed a goal for the company with these words, If we work together, well lower the cost of living for everyone. Well give an opportunity to see what its like to save and have a better life. Our mission https://corporate.walmartour/mission.com?Ã © Walmarts?Ã © goal providing the lowest prices is hurting the image and innovation Sam Walton built and problematic for unemployment in our nation. What it costs for wages and production are cheap in third world countries. This causes a problem for the American economy due to, a large amount of jobs is sent overseas. This is one of the reasons for unemployment in America. Workplace Environment Walmart?Ã © is a hierarchy organization, this is because people in the organization are at a position from a subordinate to senior levels which enforces rules. There is a diversity of people with different cultures employed with Walmart. The company offers programs to help their associates build their careers within Walmart?Ã © Working with us N.D. https//corporate.walmart.com Although, the company can also afford to pay every employee $12 an hour and still maintain a profit, nonetheless they do not. I interviewed three employees at my local Walmart?Ã ©, According to their website it states there is open door policy for employee and managers to communicate any work-related problems and the issue would be resolved at best that same day. The employees I interviewed found that to be hypocritical. Sonya, an associate in Bakery and Deli, an employee at Lakewood, Colorado, Walmart?Ã © for five years stated: The store very often has had a turnover in management and whenever we get a decent manager they get transferred or quit. I reviewed questions and answers online from employees about the workplace environment on website Indeed.com?Ã ©. The posts regarding the workplace environment at Walmart?Ã © are that it is a fast-paced environment. The employees made complaints that they are expected to do more than the job criteria. There were some positive reviews, however employees are concerned of the fact they are working part time, but feel they are working full-time hours, without the benefits. Over one third of the employees are part-time and do not qualify for health benefits. The full-time employees cannot afford the health plan benefits Walmart?Ã © offers, since the cost is thirty five percent of their salary. This causes the employees to rely on government assistance in some cases. Working at Walmart case study.https://123HelpMe.waorking-in-walmart.com Marketing Mix Walmart?Ã © remains in competition with other stores, therefore the company must maintain a strategy in the marketing mix. The corporation offers customers one stop shopping convenience with assistance from sales associates. This influences how the customer feels as they shop. The pricing strategy falls on the lowest prices they offer every day, this will generate business and contribute to competitiveness Walmarts?Ã © promotional mix is an arrangement of public relations, promotions and sales, such as the Rollback displays throughout the store along with the price match, where the shopper shows a lower price Walmart?Ã © will match the price. This will help the company attract customers into the stores. Walmart?Ã © continues to open new stores in different areas to reach more customers to give people convenient shopping with lower prices. Financial Indicators The data I am sharing in my report is based on Walmarts?Ã © financials in the United States. Overall, Walmarts?Ã © 2018 annual report shows $500 billion in total revenue. This is an achievement for Walmarts?Ã ©, it is a record breaking amount. The companies operating cash summed to $28.3 billion and returned $14.4 billion in dividends and share repurchases to shareholders. Walmart earnings of 2018 beat estimates. N.D. www.cbnc.com. The company put money in redesigning the Walmart website to compete with Amazon, overall online earnings exceeded 40 percent. However, online grocery shopping may decrease as the company is investing to add more delivery options. Further, in attempt to improve their relationship with customers and employees they increased wages. Walmart beats on earnings and revenues. N.D. www.cbnc.com.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Borderline Personality Disorder Essay - 532 Words
Borderline Personality Disorder, often reffered to as BPD, is a mental disorder that causes unstable emotions and instability in relationships, poor self-image, and impulsive actions. With Borderline Personality Disorder, self-image is distorted, making a person feel inadequate or worthless. A person with BPD often pushes others away with their anger, impulsiveness and frequent mood swings, though they desire loving relationships. The cause of BPD is unknown, but is credited to genetic, family, and social factors. Risk factors for BPD are abandonment in childhood or in teen years, a disrupted family life, poor communication in the family, and sexual abuse. This personality disorder tends to occur more in women more so than men. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦BPD individuals have a fear of being alone. Extreme efforts to avoid abandonment may include impulsive actions like self-injuries or suicidal behaviors. Some people with BPD suffer from chronic emptiness associated with lonel iness and neediness, which is described as a pain or bloating felt in the chest or abdomen. Individuals with BPD have moments where they are suspicious of others without reason. BPD individuals also have moments where they feel unreal or feel that the world is unreal. Borderline Personality Disorder is difficult to treat because relapse is a common problem, but it is possible to recover from the damaging behaviors of BPD. Psychotherapy or professional counseling, is the initial form of treatment for BPD. Other forms of treatment include: Cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on changing thoughts and behavioral patterns. This therapy teaches healthy ways to cope with challenges faced with BPD . Family therapy helps to educate the families of people with BPD about the condition and teaches them how provide support. Group therapy, led by a professional, allows people with this condition to talk about their common problems. Psychiatric medications are helpful in treating BPD by addressing some of the symptoms but donââ¬â¢t control the condition. Hospitalization of people with BPD is usually only necessary when the individualââ¬â¢sShow MoreRelatedBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1274 Words à |à 6 PagesPaper: Borderline Perso nality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental illness that directly affects oneââ¬â¢s behavior, moods, and relationships/socialization skills. Borderline personality disorder often is associated with co-occurring disorders like depression, suicidal behaviors, anxiety, abuse of drugs and alcohol, as well as eating disorders. The behavior of a person diagnosed with borderline is also described to erratic and impulsive. The cause of borderline personality disorderRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1749 Words à |à 7 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder Could you picture yourself being brought face to face with an individual who has a personality similar to a mine field? In other words where or when he/she will explode is never known. This type of personality disorder is called borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of the most scariest and hidden disorders that have baffled our society as well as many health professionals for many years. The DSM IV defines borderline personalityRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )1361 Words à |à 6 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder is named borderline personality disorder because at one point in history they considered this disorder to be on the ââ¬Å"borderlineâ⬠between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder that impacts an individualââ¬â¢s behavior, relationships, and mood. The disorder usually begins during adolescence or young adulthood. People with BPD have a tendency of rapid change in attitude or feelings toward others because they cannot regulateRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )872 Words à |à 4 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder characterized by instability in mood, impulsiveness, unstable relationships, and chronic emptiness. Borderline Personality Disorder affects approximately two percent of the population, and is predominately found in women. This disorder makes it difficult for people to understand social norms and the dynamics of relationships, so unpredictable a nd erratic behavior are common. Although Borderline Personality Disorder is incurable, it is treatableRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline ) Essay1792 Words à |à 8 Pagesin a cloud of static. No matter what I know to be true, the fear of having my mother discredit me severely impedes progress. I have known about Borderline Personality Disorder for some time, and I knew my estranged mother was diagnosed with it at one point, but I didnââ¬â¢t really start researching it until a friend lent me a copy of Surviving a Borderline Parent. Part of me was afraid if I learned more about it, I would only feel sympathy for her, and guilt for going no contact. As awful as it soundsRead MoreIs Borderline Personality Disorder? Essay1818 Words à |à 8 Pageswill examine the benefit and indications of applying one of a contemporary organized psychological theory to a patient that the writer has already worked with as a summative case study. A brief history of the patient ailment which is borderline personality disorder (BPD) will be discussed as well as treatment plan and choices in accordance with a chosen psychotherapy (mentalisation base therapy MBT). The author will legitimize the purpose behind the chosen treatment and conclude his discussion. ForRead MorePersonality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder2908 Words à |à 12 Pagesãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬A personality disorder is characterized by a distinct pattern of behavior that does not meet normal standards of behavior within oneââ¬â¢s culture. This pattern is ingrained as the norm to the person affected, and the characteristics of the affected person deviate markedly from societal standards (Hebblethwaite, 2009). The two main features that help to identify a personality disorder are chronic interpersonal difficulties and persons with oneââ¬â¢s identity or sense of self (Livesly, 2001). Within thisRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder : Borderline Disorder1466 Words à |à 6 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder Overview Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by impulsivity, unstable self-image, mood, and trouble with interpersonal relationships. One major characteristic is impulsivity, which is characterized by rapid responding to environmental triggers without thinking (or caring) about long term consequences (Paris, 2007). Some people may engage in self-injurious activities including attempting and completing suicide. People with borderline personality disorderRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Bpd )932 Words à |à 4 PagesBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is an emotional disorder that causes emotional instability, leading to stress and other problems. With borderline personality disorder your image of yourself is distorted, making you feel worthless and fundamentally flawed. Your anger, impulsivity and frequent mood swings may push others away, even though you desire loving relationships. It is an often misunderstood, serious mental illness characterized by pervasive ins tability in moods, interpersonal relationshipsRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1659 Words à |à 7 Pagesenigmatic condition. The term ââ¬Å"Borderline,â⬠coined by Adolph Stern in 1938 (Optimum Performance Institute), refers to the behavior exhibited by these patients who are on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis. The oscillating nature and unknown concrete cause of this disorder makes it difficult to treat. Due to this, Borderline Personality Disorder, or BPD, has become one of the most controversial disorders to work with in the psychiatric community. Often time Borderline patients are avoided entirely
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
How Presidents Have Used Their Power To Pardon
The President derives the power of pardon from Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives the president power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. A reprieve reduces the severity of a punishment, but the person remains guilty. A pardon removes both punishment and guilt, which is why pardons are more likely to be controversial. The process for obtaining a pardons begins with an application to the Department of Justice Office of the Pardon Attorney. The DOJ consults with other lawyers and judges for recommendations; the FBI runs a check on the applicant. After winnowing the applicants, the DOJ provides a list of recommendations to the office of the White House Counsel. Historical Pardons Historically, Presidents used the power to pardon to heal rifts in the national psyche. As President Bush said on 24 December 1982, When earlier wars have ended, Presidents have historically used their power to pardon to put bitterness behind us and look to the future. For example, George Washington pardoned leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion; James Madison pardoned Lafittes pirates after the War of 1812; Andrew Johnson pardoned Confederate soldiers after the Civil War; Harry Truman pardoned those who violated World War II Selective Service laws; and Jimmy Carter pardoned Vietnam War draft dodgers. The modern-day pardon, however, has taken a decidedly more political turn. And it may help its recipient find a job and regain the right to vote. Nixon In modern history, the most controversial pardon is probably the 1974 pardon of former President Richard Nixon, issued by President Gerald Ford. Ford assumed the presidency on 9 August 1974, the day after President Nixon resigned over Watergate, pending impeachment. Ford pardoned Nixon on 8 September 1974. Although Carter made a campaign issue of the Nixon pardon, in retrospect Fords action was brave (it was political suicide) and helped a divided nation begin to heal. Iran-Contra On 24 December 1992, President George Bush pardoned six Reagan administration officials involved in the Iran-Contra Affair: Elliott Abrams, Duane R. Clarridge, Alan Fiers, Clair George, National Security Adviser Robert C. Bud McFarlane and Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger. He compared their actions to those pardoned by Madison, Johnson, Truman and Carter: In many cases, the offenses pardoned by these Presidents were at least as serious as those I am pardoning today. Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Walsh was appointed in December 1986 to investigate the Iran/Contra affair; subsequently, Walsh brought charges against 14 people. Eleven were convicted; two convictions were overturned on appeal. Two were pardoned before trial, and one case was dismissed when the Bush Administration declined to declassify information necessary for trial.President Bush pardoned six Iran/Contra participants on 24 December 1992. Post-Trial Pardons Elliott Abramsà -- Pleaded guilty October 7, 1991, to two misdemeanor charges of withholding information from Congress about secret government efforts to support the Nicaraguan contra rebels during a ban on such aid. He was sentenced on November 15, 1991 to two years probation and 100 hours community service. The second President Bush appointed Abrams as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director on the National Security Council for Near East and North African Affairs. Alan D. Fiers, Jr.à -- Pleaded guilty July 9, 1991, to two misdemeanor counts of withholding information from Congress about secret efforts to aid the Nicaraguan contras. He was sentenced on January 31, 1992 to one year probation and 100 hours community service. Pardoned. Clair E. Georgeà -- Indicted September 6, 1991, on 10 counts of perjury, false statements and obstruction in connection with congressional and Grand Jury investigations. Georges trial on nine counts ended in a mistrial on August 26, 1992. Following a second trial on seven counts, George was found guilty December 9, 1992, of two felony charges of false statements and perjury before Congress. His sentencing hearing was February 18, 1993. Pardoned before sentencing occurred. Robert C. McFarlaneà -- Pleaded guilty March 11, 1988, to four misdemeanor counts of withholding information from Congress. He was sentenced on March 3, 1989, to two years probation, $20,000 in fines and 200 hours community service. Pardoned. Pre-trial Pardons Duane R. Clarridgeà -- Indicted November 26, 1991, on seven counts of perjury and false statements about a secret shipment of U.S. HAWK missiles to Iran. The maximum penalty for each count was five years in prison and $250,000 in fines. Trial date set for March 15, 1993. Pardoned. Caspar W. Weinbergerà -- Indicted June 16, 1992, on five counts of obstruction, perjury and false statements in connection with congressional and Independent Counsel investigations of Iran/ contra. On September 29, the obstruction count was dismissed. On October 30, a second indictment was issued, charging one false statement count. The second indictment was dismissed December 11, leaving four counts remaining. The maximum penalty for each count was five years in prison and $250,000 in fines. Trial date set for January 5, 1993, trial date. Pardoned. Dismissal Joseph F. Fernandezà -- Indicted June 20, 1988 on five counts of conspiracy to defraud the United States, obstructing the inquiry of the Tower Commission and making false statements to government agencies. The case was dismissed in the District of Columbia for venue reasons on the motion of Independent Counsel. A four-count indictment was issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on April 24, 1989. The four-count case was dismissed November 24, 1989, after Attorney General Richard Thornburgh blocked the disclosure of classified information ruled relevant to the defense. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, Va., on September 6, 1990 upheld Judge Hiltons rulings under the Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA). On October 12, 1990, the Attorney General filed a final declaration that he would not disclose the classified information. From theà Walsh Iran/Contra Report. In addition, Bush pardoned Edwin Cox Jr., whose family contributed nearly $200,000 to the Bush familys campaigns and to Republican campaign committees from 1980 to 2000, according to documents obtained byà CNN. Cox pleaded guilty to bank fraud in 1988, served six months in prison and paid $250,000 in fines. In addition, his father (Cox, Sr.) is a Bush Presidential Library trustee who contributed between $100,000 and $250,000 to the Bush Presidential Library. A completeà list of Bushs pardonsà (1989-1992) President Clintons Pardons President Clintons most controversial pardon was of billionaire financier Marc Rich. His connection with the political and business elite of both parties demonstrates that the differences among those in power are less distinct than the differences between those in power and those out of power. Forà example: After hiring prominent Republican lawyers during the Reagan and Bush administrationsââ¬âLeonard Garment, former Nixon White House counsel, William Bradford Reynolds, once an official of the Reagan Justice Department, and Lewis Libby, now chief of staff to Vice President Richard Cheneyââ¬âRich hired a top Democratic lawyer, Jack Quinn, to give him direct access to Clinton. Quinn, former White House counsel, runs his law practice with Ed Gillespie, a key Bush adviser and former head of the GOP. In addition, Clinton pardoned Susan McDougal (Whitewater), former Housing Secretary Henry Cisneros (lied to FBI investigators about payments to his mistress) andà ex-CIA chiefà John Deutch (forced out at the CIA when he contradicted White House claims that U.S. missile strikes on Iraq were effective).Review theà list of Clintons pardonsà (1993-2000) President Bushs Pardons As the end of President Bushs term drew near, he had pardoned about half as many people as his prior two-term predecessors, Clinton and Ronald Reagan. Bush has issued pardons for many petty crimes committed decades in the past, ranging from possessing marijuana to moonshining. Just before Thanksgiving 2008,à President Bush pardoned 14 and commuted the sentenceà of another two. This brought his pardon total to 171 and commutations total to eight. In one of the most high profile cases of his Administration, that of Scooter Libby, President Bush did not grant a pardon. He did, however, commute Libbys sentence. Another high-profile commuted sentences was that ofà hip-hop musician John Forte, who was convicted in 2001 on drug smuggling charges. In Texas. Justà before Christmas, Bush pardoned Isaac Toussie who pleaded guilty in 2001 to using false documents to have mortgages insured by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and in 2002 to mail fraud, admitting that he had persuaded officials in Suffolk County to overpay for land. Bush rescinded the pardon the next day after press reports revealed that his father, Robert Toussie, recently donated $30,800 to Republicans. Bush letà stand a pardonà issued for Alan Maiss, who had contributed $1,500 to the presidents 2004 re-election campaign; he served one year of probation. In 1995, Maiss failed to report a fellow gaming executives alleged ties to organized crime. Bush hadà pardoned 19à and provided clemency for one. See aà list of pardonsà andà commutationsà granted by President George W. Bush.
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Persuasive Essay On Sexual Harassment - 1651 Words
Sexual harassment affects different people in different ways; many people every day are victims of this issue. Out of all these people, someone around may be going through this problem. What will society do to help prevent this problem? Sexual harassment can affect anyone. No matter what gender, race or age. ââ¬Å"Every year thousands of cases involving this issue occur and only one out of five victims of this issue file a claimâ⬠(Vagianos). This is crazy! People may think that people would want to stand up for themselves, but they do not; they simply stay quiet and let the situation pass them by. Sexual harassment can affect anyone, anywhere, and at any time. Sexual harassment is a big issue, furthermore people cannot keep thinking that thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If someone feels unsafe, or if the situation just doesnââ¬â¢t feel right, they should search it up on the internet. They can search up, what sexual harassment is, what is considered sexual harassment, what are the actions they can take, etc. In todayââ¬â¢s day and age the internet is right at our fingertips. If something sees off or just not right, search it up. When searching up what sexual harassment is, it may be surprising what is found, and so many situations such as there can be avoided. Simply because the person searched up the situation and stopped it before it got much more complicated. Another way to be well informed on what sexual harassment is, would be by going to sexual harassment awareness classes that talk about this issue. If everyone would be willing to take these types of classes, perhaps sexual harassment would not be such a big problem. For a moment letââ¬â¢s say that an enormous part of the population was going to sexual harassment awareness classes, then eventually all these people would tell other people what they learned, and those new people will tell other people, and so and so forth. Then after a certain time most of the population would be well-informed about sexual harassment. These types of classes should be available in every city, and available for anyone that wants to learn about this problem. In fact one article says ââ¬Å"In response to greater demands for such training, a multibillion-dollar sexual harassment training industry hasShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is The Way Of A Nurses Role1498 Words à |à 6 PagesReflective Essay Communication is the way in which people can send and receive messages. The Directions Service believes that there are arguably three components of communication; verbal, non-verbal, and para-verbal. It would seem that verbal and non-verbal are separate and defined methods, which subsequently links into the third component of communication, being the para-verbal method. This refers to ââ¬Å"the tone, pacing and volume of our voicesâ⬠, which arguably links into both of the earlier methodsRead MorePatriarchy s Scapegoat : Black Womanhood And Femininity956 Words à |à 4 Pages passive, and weak towards men. In present day society, one can understand the incessant advocacy for womenââ¬â¢s right and gender equality as this new computerized, digital era rolls in. No other woman in history has been inflicted with the scars of sexual violence and exploitation like the black woman. With oppressive systems, such as, racism and gender, the general public cannot fathom the black womanââ¬â¢s experience. The fact that black women could work extensive hours doing backbreaking work in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Talk Them Dead, House Wife Advertisement1524 Words à |à 7 PagesCritical Evaluate of ââ¬ËTalk them dead, House-wifeââ¬â¢ Advertisement This essay will critically evaluate the use of psychological techniques in an advertisement chosen by the author from a specific range of optional advertisement. The essay will evaluate the impact on the persuasiveness of the marketing communication of a specific target audience. The author of this essay will also analyse the type of appeal, the use of rhetorical tropes, signs and symbols and evaluate the likability, credibility andRead MoreFather: Causality and Persuasive Speech8283 Words à |à 34 Pagescan have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience. 13. T F Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the conclusion of a persuasive speech. 14. T F Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the introduction of a persuasive speech. 15. T F A speakerââ¬â¢s credibility is affected by everything she or he says and does during the speech. 16. T F Research shows that a speakerââ¬â¢s credibility is strongly affectedRead MoreThe Debate Over The Censoring Of Hate Speech Essay1940 Words à |à 8 Pagesopponents conclude that hate speech should be censored for peoples dignity. On the other side of the debate, the supporters conclude that hate speeches should not be censored on college campuses because it takes away students academic freedom. In this essay, I will conclude that we should not censor hate speech on college campuses. The debate between protection of offensive expression and protection of dignity has been an ongoing issue. In the article titled, Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attack on FreeRead MoreGender Equality Is a Myth3679 Words à |à 15 Pagesof men as well. It is therefore the principal objective of this essay to demystify the ill informed perceptions and misconceptions that seem to equate gender to sex, and to further illustrate that the differences that continue to exist between men and women are only socially, and culturally fabricated. The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie --deliberate, contrived and dishonest --- but the myth --persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. (John F. Kennedy) The usage of gender The generalRead MoreEssay on The True Character of Isabella in Measure for Measure3886 Words à |à 16 Pagesthat the script does allow for an Isabella of greater richness than we usually see reflected in print. From within, I measured her differently. à à We often hear that Isabella is a rigid absolutist, particularly in her attitude toward sexual activity outside marriage. But beginning at the beginning, I found that Isabella is a humorous, tolerant wit. Now I imagine that those adjectives surprise you, but let me move through her first scene, taking into account the choices our director RonnieRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 PagesDiversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 â⬠¢ Levels of Diversity 42 â⬠¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 â⬠¢ Sex 46 â⬠¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 â⬠¢ Disability 48 â⬠¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 â⬠¢ Physical Abilities 55 â⬠¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selectin g, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 â⬠¢Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pages Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words à |à 820 PagesOpportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth . . . . . . . . . 285 xii Contents Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Unionization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Section 5: Leading
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Mental Health Consultant Is An Individual Essay
A mental health consultant is an individual that has mental health knowledge who goes into a center or head start to help the staff, the children, and the parents with any problem or issue they may have in their center dealing with mental health and the childââ¬â¢s social/emotional development. These mental health consultants also have experience with children ages birth to five years old. They help the centers facilitate inclusion with the children. They help other children who may have trauma in their life because a certain event that happened in their lives. They get all of the information that they can from all points of view before they come up with a plan of action to help the parents, the center and most importantly the children. They will also come back and have meeting to check on the progress that the child, staff, and parents has had from when the plan of action was implemented in the center. These mental health consultants need a lot of knowledge and understanding in t he infant and early childhood mental health and the different services as well as the concepts through the different cultures and religions. Every child is different and their families too. They may not be able to do certain things because their religion and believes do not allow it. An example is the family not eating meat, chicken or fish. The center hast to respect that and offer the child and family and alternative food for that child. They need a lot of education on these subject areas. TheyShow MoreRelatedSuccess Is Elusive In The Entrepreneurââ¬â¢S Efforts. Entrepreneurs1412 Words à |à 6 Pagesunforeseen problems could depict challenges along the way. The behavioral health field is becoming more wide spread and an interest to entrepreneurs (Wei-Skillern, 2010). Nevertheless, behavioral health is a critical and often-overlooked component of a successful population health management program; a topic frequently discussed but rarely addressed comprehensively (Floyd, 2016). To address the needs of people with behavioral health issues, it is vital that resources are established to meet their needsRead MoreAccording To Erchul Martens (2012), The Earliest Consultation1202 Words à |à 5 Pagesimmigrant adolescents with mental illness that were located in 100 residential institutions, where transportation to get to the clients were often problematic; and there were approximately 1,000 initial request for assistance with these individuals. In response to such constraint, a new way of providing mental services emerged. Rather than Caplan and his team meeting with individual clients in the clinic, Caplan and his team traveled to the clinics and met with the individuals and their caretaker, whichRead MoreSuicide Prevention Mechanism Of The World Health Organization1494 Words à |à 6 PagesSuicide Prevention Consultation Paper Suicide Prevention According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15ââ¬â29-year-old. In the United States, about 22 cases per day. And for every suicide there are many more people who attempt it every year. This shows that suicide is a serious problem affecting our nation. Regarding this matter, Cooper, E. Stewart, Newman, Jody L., Fuqua, Dale R. (2012) state that historically over the years, consultationRead MoreAdvocacy in Counseling1622 Words à |à 7 Pagesinvolves acting on behalf of an identified client through interaction with another professional consultee or stakeholder in the clientââ¬â¢s welfare.â⬠(Moe, Perera-Diltz, Sepulveda, 2010) This meeting often consists of three parties in particular, a consultant, a consultee and a client. Consultations often work within the confines of a web of interconnected services. While the ultimate goal of the consultation process is the clientââ¬â¢s well being, a way of achieving this is to provide people with an opportunityRead MoreThe Role of a Community Counselor1735 Words à |à 7 Pagesnecessitates the importance of understanding multiculturalism on an individual and group level. ââ¬Å"4. Individual development and community development are inextricably linkedâ⬠(Lewis et al., 2011). As individuals interact with their surroundings they are confronted with inequalities and social systems that negatively impact their well-being. Community counseling confronts the institutions that have a detrimental impact on the lives of individuals and the community as a whole. These assumptions and the definitionRead MoreThis Paper Will Describe Consultation And Supervision In1112 Words à |à 5 Pages 2016). The consultant has a direct impact on the consultees and an indirect impact on a third party (individuals or systems). However, consultation is not therapy. Consultants typically act on one of three ways: through education, remediation, or addressing serious me ntal health problems. There are various models of consultation that fall into one of two categories: consultant-centered consultation or consultee-centered consultation (Neukrug, 2016). The former places the consultant in a sort ofRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Therapy1101 Words à |à 5 PagesA person who has a substance abuse and a mental health disorder are identified as having a co-occurring disorder. Patients with substance use and mental health share common ground, because they hold the philosophy that treatment of chronic illness requires a long-term approach in which stabilization, education, and self-management are central (Drake, Mercer-McFadden, Mueser, McHugo, Bond, 2016, p. 589). A counselor can help give resources (NA meetings being available in their community) as wellRead MoreStress Management in the Workplace1100 Words à |à 5 PagesORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 1 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Consultant For Methodist Hospital: Stress Management Module Tomeka Flowers ORG 5270 University of the Rockies ORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 2 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Abstract In recent months Methodist Hospital have developed a stress management program. The organization is struggling in their ability consistently manage the programRead MoreThe Community Health Outreach Session Utilizing Automated Blood Pressure Cuff797 Words à |à 4 Pagesaudience to change their behavior. The community health outreach session utilizing automated blood pressure cuff should increase the individual s health awareness and self-confident. As the behavioral changes, hope to target is to reduce CVD morbidity through health awareness. Since culture, culture sensitivity and communication barriers are alleviated through a native sign language user, this should increase CVD health awareness, and health literacy in hope to increase life expectancy of a DHOHRead MorePraxis Consultation Model1464 Words à |à 6 PagesCONSULTATION MODELS 1) Caplanââ¬â¢s Mental Health Consultation In his view, maladaptive behavior and psychological disturbance arise because caregivers, family, friends, and community groups within a social system to do not provide sufficient direction, support and stability when an individual is faced with a stressful life event. He believed that mental health consultation is a service to many different professionals to assist them in dealing with the psychological aspects of a current
Making the World a Better Place Philosophy 1001, Dr. Cara Nine Free Essays
Making the World a Better Place Philosophy 1001, Dr. Cara Nine ââ¬ËBetter Placeââ¬â¢? ââ¬ËMaking the worldâ⬠¦ ââ¬â¢? Making the world a better place There are two sets of philosophical questions: 1. What is ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëbetterââ¬â¢? (That is, what does a ââ¬Ëbetter world look like and why? ) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Making the World a Better Place Philosophy 1001, Dr. Cara Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now What kinds of actions are ââ¬Ërightââ¬â¢? (What are we justified in doing to bring about the good? ) Ideas of the good life Hedonism Desire Satisfaction Theory Objective Goods Theory Theories of Right Action Utilitarian Deontological Feminist Virtue Theory Cases Protesting Unjust Government Aiding an impoverished community Torture Letter to Menoeceus By Epicurus (341-270 BC) Epicurus ââ¬ËHedonismââ¬â¢ in popular culture http://www. hedonism. com/ Hedonism: Different kinds of desires. Just to be clearâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"It is not an unbroken succession of drinking-bouts and of merrymaking, not sexual love, not the enjoyment of the fish and other delicacies of a luxurious tableâ⬠¦ â⬠For Hedonism: ââ¬Å"For the end of all our actions is to be free from pain and fearâ⬠Intrinsic vs. Instrumental goods Instrumental good Intrinsic Good For Epicurus, Happiness is secured by: A tranquil emotional state. Example: We should not fear death Evidence : Misery clearly hampers the good life; happiness clearly improves it. But, is happiness what we want for our loved ones? I recall a talk by a doctor who described a patient of his (who had perhaps had a prefrontal lobotomy) as ââ¬Ëperfectly happy all day long picking up leaves. ââ¬â¢ This impressed me because I thought, ââ¬ËWell, most of us are not happy all day long doing the things we do,ââ¬â¢ and realized how strange it would be to think that the very kindest of fathers would arrange such an operation for his (perfectly normal) child. ââ¬âPhilippa Foot, Natural Goodness, p. 65 Desire Theory and Problems with Hedonism Hedonism Happiness is the only intrinsically valuable good. A happy life is a good life. The argument from evil pleasures Hedonismââ¬â¢s response: Happiness from evil actions IS as good as happiness from virtuous actions. The Paradox of Hedonism Happiness is like a butterflyââ¬âthe more you pursue it, the more it eludes you. Be still and let it come to you. Paradox of Hedonism 1. If happiness is the only thing that directly makes us better off, then it is rational to single-mindedly pursue it. 2. It isnââ¬â¢t rational to do that. 3. Therefore, happiness isnââ¬â¢t the only thing that directly makes us better off. Argument from multiple harms: If hedonism is true, then you can be harmed by something only because it saddens you. You can be harmed in other ways. Therefore, hedonism is false. False Happiness Nozickââ¬â¢s Experience Machine Experience Machine Nozick thinks that the real life is clearly better, despite equal levels of happiness. What makes the real life better? Desires and The good We desire for our lives to be based in reality. This desire matters. Other desires matter, too. Desire Satisfaction Theory The good life is getting what you want. Something is good for you if and only if it satisfies your desires. Good things about desire-satisfaction theory Allows for a variety of ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ lives. Good things about desire-satisfaction theory Prioritizes personal autonomy and avoids paternalism Avoids objective values ââ¬Å"objectiveâ⬠= fixed independently of your desires and opinions ââ¬Å"subjectiveâ⬠= refers to your desires and opinions Motivation? Problems with the Desire Satisfaction Theory Getting what you want may not promote your good Desires based on false beliefs Fix! The desire must be based on informed beliefs. More Problems Dis-interested or Other-regarding desires Problems, cont. Disappointment: I was playing great tennisâ⬠¦ Iââ¬â¢d finally taken my game to what felt like a notch above all my opponentsââ¬â¢. It should have been greatâ⬠¦ But it wasnââ¬â¢t. It felt hollowââ¬âIt reminded me of the story of King Midas: My success wasnââ¬â¢t translating into happiness. ââ¬âJohn McEnroeââ¬â(with James Kaplan, You Cannot be Serious) Impoverished Desires Objective Goods Theories of the Good Life Hedonism Desire Satisfaction Theory Objective Goods Theory Objective Goods Theory What is good is defined independent of your desires or opinions. Objective well-being concept: Income? The objective/universal approach defended Nussbaumââ¬â¢s approach http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qy3YTzYjut4 Appeals to ââ¬Ënatural law theoryââ¬â¢, that things are good when a thing fulfills its nature. Things are bad when they are unnatural. Solves (? ) Humeââ¬â¢s argument We can know only two sorts of claims: conceptual truths or empirical truths. Moral claims are neither conceptual nor empirical truths. Therefore, we can have no moral knowledge. Natural law theoryââ¬â¢s response: If you know the nature of ââ¬Ëhumanââ¬â¢, and what it takes to fulfil our human nature, then we can know what is morally good. Options for objective goods: Happiness Options for objective goods: Autonomy Relationship with other objective goods. Essence of ââ¬Ëhumanââ¬â¢ Possible problem with adding autonomy to the list: Cultural variations. But Do we have to be culturally relative? Options for objective goods: A sense of self Having commitments, likes and dislikes, values and goals. Options for objective goods: Morality Aristotelian virtue Human flourishingââ¬â ââ¬Å"If you concern yourself not at all with what you owe to others or with what they need from you, you live in profound isolation. .. Morality is good for us because it â⬠¦ gives me a kind of friendship not just with my friends but with everyone. â⬠(Kazez 54) Martha Nussbaum: Basic capabilities. Life. Bodily health Bodily integrity. Senses, imagination, thought. Emotions. Practical reason. Affiliation. Other species. Play. Control over oneââ¬â¢s environment. Possible problem with the objective theoryâ⬠¦ Utilitarianism Theories of Right Action What should I do or not do? Utilitarianism A brand of consequentialism An action is morally required just because it produces the best results. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Utilitarianism (1861) The quest for ââ¬Ëthe goodââ¬â¢ is identified with the question of what is right and wrong to do. Mill writes: ââ¬Å"All action is for the sake of some end and rules of action, it seems natural to suppose, must take their whole character and color from the end to which they are subservient. ââ¬Å" (in other wordsâ⬠¦ The ends justify the means! ) 1. Rationality in choice of conduct is maximizing the satisfaction of oneââ¬â¢s chosen goal (or the goal that is best to pursue). 2. The rational goal of human striving is happiness, and happiness consists in pleasure and the absence of pain. I should do what maximizes happiness-for-me-over-my-entire-life. Acting effectively to achieve this goal is being prudent. Prudence requires a kind of impartiality. Soâ⬠¦ In merely individualistic terms: Ice cream NOW = 2 units of Happiness, and 3 units of Pain later. To maximize happiness over my entire life, I should not have ice cream now. But Millââ¬â¢s utilitiarianism is universal project (not individualistic! 3. Human striving 4. The moral goal involves impartiality. One personââ¬â¢s good counts the same, in the determination of what is to be done, as the same-sized good of any other person. 5. The moral goal equals the aggregate happiness of all persons. 6. So, moral rationality demands that we maximize aggregate human happiness . â⬠¦ and animals? Problemsâ⬠¦ Utility monster: Trolley Problem Trolley Problem Trolley Problem Trolley Problem Deontology Kantian ethics Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) What matters with regard to whether an action is right or wrong is what kind of an action it is. (The end doesnââ¬â¢t justify the means! ) Kantian Deontology Personââ¬â¢s essence = autonomy Autonomy = self+rule Ethical principles follow logically. Consistency and Fairness Equal with regards to our autonomous rational personhood. What if everybody did that? How would you like it if I did that to you? Problem Case If disastrous results would occur if everyone did X, then X is immoral. Redescribe the act? But this makes the morality of an act merely a matter of its description. Kantââ¬â¢s answer: The Categorical Imperative (version 1): Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Is a maxim universalizable? Formulate your maxim clearly. Imagine a world in which everyone supports and acts on on your maxim. Then ask: Can the goal of my action be achieved in such a world? Example: Lying The universalized maxim of lying generates a contradiction. Categorical Imperative (version 2): The Principle of Humanity Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. Persons are rational agents The moral law is the law of reason So we rational beings are beyond value since we are the sources of value ââ¬ËMeansââ¬â¢ only: Used as a means AND respected as rational agent at the same time: problems with the principle of humanity: The notion of treating someone as an end is vague. 2. The principle fails to give us good advice about how to determine what people deserve. ââ¬â punishment and Lex Talionis (Law of Retaliation) 3. The principle assumes that we are genuinely autonomous, but that assumption may be false. Baron dà ¢â¬â¢Holbach The Argument Against Autonomy 1. Either our choices are necessitated or they are not. 2. If they are necessitated, then they are out of our control, and so we lack autonomy. 3. If they are not necessitated, then they are random, and so we lack autonomy. 4. Therefore, we lack autonomy. 4. The principle cannot explain why those who lack rationality and autonomy are deserving of respect. ââ¬â What is the scope of the moral community? Argument against animals 1. If the principle of humanity is true, then animals have no rights. 2. If animals lack rights, then it is morally acceptable to torture them. 3. Therefore, if the principle of humanity is true, then it is morally acceptable to torture animals. 4. It isnââ¬â¢t. 5. Therefore, the principle of humanity is false. Feminist Ethics ââ¬Å"The male is by nature superior, and the female inferior; the one rules, and the other is ruled. ââ¬âAristotle ââ¬Å"As regards her individual nature, each woman is defective and mis-begotten. â⬠ââ¬âAquinas ââ¬Å"[W]omen must be trained to bear the yoke from the first, so that they may not feel it, to master their own caprices and to submit themselves to the will of others. â⬠ââ¬âRousseau ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ laborious learning o r painful pondering, even if a woman should greatly succeed in itâ⬠¦ They will weaken the charms with which she exercises her great power over the other sexâ⬠¦. Her philosophy is not to reason, but to sense. â⬠ââ¬âKant Feminist Ethics Previous (male-dominated) philosophy: Made false claims about women. Identified female with nature/animals and male with reason/human. Ignored female experiences and perspectives. Un Chien Andalou , 1929 silent surrealist short film by the Spanish director Luis Bunuel and artist Salvador Dali General Approach: Women are the moral equals of men. ââ¬Å"The right to life of women in Pakistan is conditional on their obeying social norms and traditions. â⬠ââ¬âHina Jilani, lawyer and human rights activist 2. Experiences of women deserve our respect and are vital to a full and accurate understanding of morality. Some statistics: Womenââ¬â¢s nominal wages are 17 percent lower than menââ¬â¢s. Women perform 66 percent of the worldââ¬â¢s work, produce 50 percent of the food, but earn 10 percent of the income and own 1 percent of the property. 3. Traits that have traditionally been associated with women are at least as morally important as traditionally masculine traits. 4. Cooperation, flexibility, openness to competing ideas, and a connectedness to family and friends, are often superior to ways of reasoning that emphasize impartiality, abstraction, and strict adherence to rules. Lawrence Kohlbergââ¬â¢s 6 stages of moral development: Moral Development: Gilligan Women fared poorly on Kohlbergââ¬â¢s model. Advancing to only around stage 3. ) Women tend to think and experience the world differently than men. Gilliganââ¬â¢s model or moral thinking: In A Different Voice Womenââ¬â¢s Experience Justice isâ⬠¦. blind Dr. Denis Mukwege tries to restore dignity in Congo. Womenââ¬â¢s Experience: Vulnerability to Rape Major-General Patrick Cammaert, former commande r of UN peacekeeping forces in the eastern Congo: ââ¬Å"It has probably become more dangerous to be a woman than a soldier in armed conflict. â⬠Perceptions of rape in war: From: something that is inevitable when men are deprived of female companionship for prolonged periods To: an actual tactic in conflict. Effect on victim: Rape is always torture. Womenââ¬â¢s Experience Increased dependence and diminished autonomy. Fewer choices and less control over important aspects of their lives (than men). Central fact of most womenââ¬â¢s lives is their dependence. Consider a moral assumption: stand up for our rights and defend our honour against attacks: Does a woman stand up to an abusive husband, knowing she may be killed, have her children taken away from her, not know where her next meal will come from? Not just women We all are deeply connected with others. Moral philosophy that pretends that we are fully autonomous beings without dependent relationships fail to take an important part of human life into account. Ethics of Care Importance of Emotions ââ¬Å"Reason is a slave of the passions. â⬠ââ¬âDavid Hume Motivates. Helps us Understand (Sympathy/Empathy) Care: combination of sympathy, empathy, sensitivity, and love. Particular vs. Universal Describes our obligations. Particular obligations = I have them only to particular people. Universal obligations = I have them to all persons. A strict version of Ethics of Care theory denies the existence of universal obligations. Ethics of Care: Moral obligations come from RELATIONSHIPS. Relationship roles will sometimes require of you conflicting actions. There is no easy formula. Problems with the Ethics of Care: Must be supplemented by other theories. Or risk restricting the scope of the moral community too much. Role of emotions needs further exploration. Downgrading impartiality has its costs. Review Theories of ââ¬ËThe Rightââ¬â¢ Utilitarianism Theory Pleasure/freedom from pain is the only intrinsic good. An action is morally required just because it produces the best results. Rationality Impartiality Maximize human happiness Utilitarianism Positives Intuitive Matches good with the right Equality Useful for social policy Utilitarianism Negatives Utility monster Animals? Conflicts with Justice Deontology Theory (Study of Duty) The end doesnââ¬â¢t justify the means Derived from Autonomy (self + rule) Deontology Categorical Imperative 1: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Deontology Categorical Imperative 2, The Principle of Humanity: Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. Deontology Positives Explains duties of justice Clear rules Equality Intuitive Deontology Negatives Principles difficult to apply Problems with autonomy Scope? Feminism Theory Men and women are moral equals. All of human experience deserves our attention/respect. ââ¬ËFeminine traitsââ¬â¢ are as morally relevant as ââ¬Ëmale traitsââ¬â¢ Interpersonal ways of moral reasoning are often superior to abstract, universalized, rule-governed moral reasoning. Care/Relationships Feminism Positives Embraces full account of human experience Can account for interpersonal moral reasoning, dependence. Feminism Negatives Problems with accounts from emotion Downgrades impartiality How to cite Making the World a Better Place Philosophy 1001, Dr. Cara Nine, Papers
Why i am in college free essay sample
Why I Am in College College is the place to gain knowledge and having more knowledge gives you more power. I have a strong drive to go to college because I want to be rich, I want to make a difference, and I want to discover who I am. I believe that college is the first step to my success and I will take advantage of that. College is my building stone to get a degree so I can earn more money to become a billionaire.I want to use the money I earn to help my family out to thank them for raising and giving me shelter. The other part of my money would be used to help there that are in need such as homeless and researches to help improve and help many people. Lastly, being a billionaire is a dream of mine, accomplishing the goal will show my family and friends that I did it. We will write a custom essay sample on Why i am in college or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page College can provide me with a degree to not only earn more money but to further my knowledge so I can help and make a difference.Having a college degree will make people realize how smart you are and they will treat you differently giving you have power. I would use my power to make the world a better place by having people listening to me and believing that I know what I am eying because I have a college degree. I want to use the title of me going to college so I can make a use of myself to make a name out there for myself so I will not be forgotten when I leave Earth. Some may think that power can get you everything but it cannot help you find yourself.College is a new chapter of life and I hope to learn about who I am and to grow as a better version of myself. Going to college can help me discover myself so I can love and be comfortable with myself. After understanding myself I can finally allow myself to know what I like and no be indecisive about what I like and dont like. From the experiences from college hopefully I have tasted each subject and learn which I like best so I can decide what I want to be in the future. Going through college does not only prepare me for a degree to get good money but it prepares and teaches me many life skills and myself. Going to college without the drive and motivation will not get anyone anywhere. In order to fulfill my dreams of being rich, making a difference, and discovering myself I would have to believe in myself. I have to start from the bottom in college and build my way up to the top.
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Strange free essay sample
Strange. How we express our love. ââ¬Å"Why are you crying?â⬠My ten year old heart thundered in my chest and my eyes furiously roamed over my little sister. Pale pink ribbons at the front of her dress were torn. My little five-year-old tweety bird, huddled in the corner of the bus seat. Tears spilled from her doe brown eyes as she pointed to a boy my age across the seat. He laughed at her. He stopped laughing pretty damn fast when I grabbed the front of his collar with a clenched fist. Strange. The love we barely remember. I bear curls like Meridaââ¬â¢s from Brave. When I was little, my dad brushed them back in the morning and set them into the ugliest ponytail youââ¬â¢d ever see. But he woke up, and he appeared, and I was so sure that was love. Strange. The love that shocks the sadness out of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Strange or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ââ¬Å"STOP! DONT GO IN YOUR ROOM!â⬠my older sister bellowed. ââ¬Å"What? Why?â⬠Frustrated from yet another practice of enduring the girls who whispered loudly and snickered at me, the new girl, I shovedher. ââ¬Å"Hala seriously, Iââ¬â¢m not in the m-â⬠. ââ¬Å"I know, I know, youââ¬â¢re never in the mood lately. But just trust me, mama will be home soon, and she wants to see your reaction. Please, Hana.â⬠I sighed, ââ¬Å"Okay.â⬠Later, I walked into my room and faltered. My room transformed in one day. Illuminated with fairy lights strung up on my wall with evident love and care, were old photos. A baby me donning a long wig, my sisters and I beaming at the California beach, my mother cradling me like precious glass. ââ¬Å"Guysâ⬠I trailed off, heart expanding like a balloon. Strange. The love that bears down on our shoulders. ââ¬Å"Hana is different. She gives me hope. When I get old, I know I will be with her. She will make me so proud She keeps me livingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ I slumped on the staircase, just out of eyesight of my mother and her friend. I caught every word, and empathized with Atlas, the titan who bore the world on his shoulders. My mother exists as my world, and hearing those words made the world almost heavier than I could endure. I would be better. I would do better. For her. Strange. The sacrifices we make for the people we love. I sent a message to my sister when she fled our home. Delivering those words to her meant emptying the pockets of my soul until they were turned inside out. The first message from me despite all the phone calls my family had been frantically making. I knew she needed to blame me for her choices, so in that message, I blamed myself too. A moment passed. The phone rang. Strange. How my family, the people I love, intertwined with who I am, and I will still have to let them go. I will have to leave them behind, even though they forged my childhood, my identity, and my choices thus far. But I dream of a destiny for me. A different future, bright enough that I have to follow it. I will attend college, and I will study hard, and play hard, and work hard. I will become educated and cultured and brilliant. I will bring life into this dying world with every child I deliver. How strange, this voice inside me that orders me to runrunrun and perceive the world and be the world and find all the world at my fingertips. Stranger so, to know that wherever I go, I still have my family waiting for me, whispering into my heart, Go. Weââ¬â¢ll be here when you return.
Tuesday, April 14, 2020
Essay Topics on Current Affairs
Essay Topics on Current AffairsMany students believe that essay topics on current affairs are just another boring way to pass a test. However, some of the most important subjects in life are current affairs. It seems like every day, the news is dominated by different stories and issues. So, if you want to become an academic expert on current affairs, here are some topics on current affairs for essay topics on current affairs.The topics on essay on current affairs can cover all types of current affairs and topics, including those that will make you popular among your classmates. You can write about something that is truly interesting to you, or you can write about a topic that the professor and your classmates find interesting as well. Just make sure you include an argument for why you feel that way.When it comes to essay topics on current affairs, what exactly does it mean? It means writing about an issue that is either very current or very topical. You must do research on the topic so that you can be better prepared for the assignment. Knowing what is going on is one thing, but knowing how to work within the current issues is quite another. This is where essay topics on current affairs will come in handy.As long as you can keep up with current affairs, then you can create interesting essays on essay topics on current affairs. It doesn't matter if you have a lot of free time to write or if you simply don't have time to research. You can still come up with good essays because you know how to read current issues. Even if you have very little information to go on, you can still find some things about the issue that will be interesting to you.The best way to use essay topics on current affairs to your advantage is to work with other professors. Talk to them about the issues that they are discussing and how they came to the conclusion that the answer was this or that. You can get some ideas and learn from the others.You can also go the route of assigning a reading a ssignment for your class. You can assign the topic of the book, the story or the essay topic on current affairs. The idea is to draw people's attention to what they need to learn about the topic, not to teach them the subject as such.You can find the essay topics on current affairs on websites that cater to this niche. There are many such sites online, some of which offer essay topics on current affairs as free lessons. As long as you follow their instructions, then you will end up with a nice assignment.No matter which topic you choose to use for essay topics on current affairs, the key is to make it interesting. The more you think about it, the more interesting it becomes. Make it something that is fresh, unique and always moving.
Friday, March 20, 2020
buy custom Firm Agility and Business Performance essay
buy custom Firm Agility and Business Performance essay In the contemporary society that is characterized by unstable economy, firms must deal with the multifaceted circumstances, which arise quickly and impact their performance. International competition, new technologies, consolidation, outsourcing and shifting consumer preferences are merely some instances of the factors, which impact business environments, wherein modern companies are operating (Sambamurthy et al., 2003). According to Bharadwaj (2000), it is very essential to initiate abilities, which will allow companies to deal with such fast occurring and uncertain modifications. Contemporarily, business agility has attracted the attention of business leaders and scholars as a key differentiator in presently speedily modifying business environment. According to Sambamurthy et al. (2003), it is the capability of detecting innovation opportunities and seizing those competitive market chances by assembling knowledge, requisite assets, and linkages with surprise and speed. In the liter ature, firm agility has been scrutinized from different viewpoints, including business function, enterprise, system and project (Henderson and Venkatraman, 1993). Agility, as a notion, encompasses the capability of detecting, anticipating, evolving conditions, sensing market opportunities amongst other environmental modifications. Apparently, agility relates to both operational and strategic levels within a company. This paper focuses on firm agility and business performance. In particular, the paper will explain what theory is, and illuminate various variables, linked with the project and relate to issues/problems, found in international management. In addition, the paper will offer specific and operational recommendations for the managers and future research direction. Variables, Linked With Firm Agility It is true that an agile firm responds speedily to modifications for its business setting. These modifications can be competitive, regulatory, customer attitude or market driven (Henderson and Venkatraman, 1993). For instance, the introduction of a new product by a rival or a novel law in a specific state could represent a big modification in the operation of a business. In the past, firms have addressed this issue by introducing novel technology that may generate a report that indicates that customers are more concerned, regarding such modifications. Apparently, such modification in a business environment necessitates a modification in the manner, in which it does business. Certainly, most firms have admitted that they are not agile enough to be able to compete efficiently. Whilst the vast majority of the managers perceive that firm agility is an essential competitive requirement, real business willingness is nevertheless more mixed. As noted from a report of the Economist Intelligence Unit (2009), some individuals believe that most companies are at a competitive disadvantage due to the fact that they are not sufficiently flexible to forestall important shifts in the marketplace (Johnson et al., 2003). According to the head of innovation management at Fujifilm Europe, Stefan Kohn, the fear of modification is part of this predicament. He puts forth that, in some cases, some firms neglect change, whilst those that are actually flexible embrace change, even though it seems to be risky towards a subsisting product (Hitt et al., 1998). In the contemporary society that is characterized by globalization, and a free-market setting, the capacity of satisfying the expectations of consumers is essential for business performance (James, 2004). It is true that companies that are not agile may not satisfy their customers fully due to the fact that the expectations of consumers are not static. In order to be able to satisfy customers fully, firms must be able to identify their clientele, know their needs and produce products, which are desired by the consumers. This is a difficult action to carry out, but with competent employees and managers and efficient tools, companies may be able to succeed in this (Hitt et al., 1998). Another major problem, facing companies currently, is te increased competition (Bruno and Joey, 2008). Apparently, firms necessitate modification in order to adapt in the highly competitive business environment if they have to remain in the market place. For instance, in case a competitor launches novel merchandise into the market, this represents a large change in the operation of a business, and thus, companies must modify accordingly. To be competitive, firms might find themselves in a Houdini-like twist (Braganza and Korac-Kakabadse, 2000). Such firms may be incapable of responding nimbly and speedily to the modifying business setting without being caught in knots. In this case, firms must come up with ways of making their procedures more flexible (James, 2004). Certainly, the performance of a firm is determined by the degree of agility of such a firm. Companies that are not flexible enough to cope with the increased competition in the contemporary society, usually find themselve s deteriorating in terms of performance (Lee et al., 2009). Therefore, it is essential for firm managers to come up with strategies, which will assist in the same. Besides, agile modifications endeavors are stalled by internal barriers. Apparently, most people in an organization have undertaken various steps of change initiatives with an aim of improving their firms agility (Overby et al., 2006). Nevertheless, a number of them have not delivered the anticipated benefits. According to the research, enhanced business responsiveness is impended by various factors, including conflicting departmental priorities and objectives, slow decision-making, silo-based information and risk-averse cultures (Weill et al., 2001). Technology is evidenced to play a major supporting responsibility in assisting firms to become agile. According to Braganza and Korac-Kakabadse (2000), technology should work as a change agent in employment and adoption of knowledge sharing procedures in order to ensure that the use of essential data in such firms is improved. Information Technology infrastructure that is not flexible or consistent across the firm may be a major challenge in improving the agility of a company, and this is a major hindrance to agility. Firms across the globe are challenged to turn out to be more agile in the face of modification. In addition to this, the market volatility in the contemporary society has highlighted the need for firms to forestall and address pivotal issues that impact their businesses (Lee et al., 2009). Nevertheless, planning for the unforeseeable might seem to be difficult; however, most companies appear to distinguish that, firms capability to respond and be flexible is important for business performance (Menor et al., 2001). Recommendations for Managers Studies have proven that managing in the contemporary society is not an easy task (Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, 2009). According to Kohn, firms necessitate refining their organizational procedures and leveraging outside and institutional knowledge efficiently in order to compete effectively in the market place and emerge successful. Besides, he puts forth that it isnt enough to keep up with the large quantity of information in the workplace. Key information is essential for any improved performance (Menor et al., 2001). The burden will be on arming employees and decision makers with efficient instruments to find the required content. In order to meet the impulses of the market place, companies should restructure, simplify and incorporate the procedures that assist in improving their performance (Lee et al., 2009). As explained above, technology is a major factor that support and improve the agility of a company, and hence, its performance. In this case, managers should adapt processes and technologies that will enhance agility. This is based on the fact that companies with a higher level of procedures and technological standardization have been evidenced to be more agile. It is apparent that, agile firms center on standardizing the procedures that cannot be modified, freeing up their resources with an aim of developing value addeed structures, which responds efficiently to the modifying business environment. In general, managers should make sure that they adapt new technologies and together with the existing ones for their firms to become more agile and assist in improving their business performance (Lee et al., 2009). In order to overcome various internal barriers that hinder firm agility, managers should take various steps in order to curb such impediments (Overby et al., 2006). For instance, such hindrances may be prevented by improving and solidifying the core competencies of various persons in the company. This can be achieved by emphasizing on outsourcing, change management, automation amongst other procedure efficiency enhancements. In addition to this, making efficient employment of information sharing and knowledge management systems is also beneficial (Overby et al., 2006). In addition to this, managers should come up with strategies in order to be able to respond nimbly and speedily to the modifying business setting without being caught in knots. This can be attained by coming up with ways of making their procedures more flexible. It is apparent that the performance of a firm is determined by the degree of agility of such a firm (Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, 2009). Companies that are not flexible enough to cope with the increased competition in the contemporary society, usually find themselves deteriorating in terms of performance. Thus, it is essential for the firm managers to come up with strategies, which will assist in improving the flexibility of their companies that as a result will assist in improving the competitive nature of such firms. Certainly, when a firm is more competitive in the market, its performance both in terms of productivity and financially is good, and this is an indication of good business performance. In order to avoid the problems, which have disrupted most change programs, managers should sharply consider focusing on these enhancements in order to make such changes sustainable (Overby et al., 2006). Apparently, this will not only improve the business performance of a company but will also improve all the determinants of a company overall performance. Future Research Direction It is true that in the modern business environment, agility is essential to the competitive performance and innovation of companies. In fact, firm agility has been considered as one of the most vital resources for allowing better performance of a firm (Dunlop-Hinkler et al., 2011). Companies currently are greatly depending on information technologies, encompassing communication technology and knowledge process with an aim of enhancing their agility. In this case, further research can be carried out, focusing on the introduction of technology agility as a precursor to firm agility, that consequently, affect business procedures and eventually the performance of a company. Technology agility is described as the capability of a company to respond speedily to various technological modifications (Dunlop-Hinkler et al., 2011). It is true that in the contemporary society is characterized by rapid technological changes. In this case, in order to be successful and compete efficiently in the ma rket place, companies must adapt the new technologies and combine them with the existing ones. However, such firms must be agile enough in order to be able to cope with the rapidly changing technologies. Research has proven that companies, which have been able to cope with the rapidly modifying technological environment, have been able to emerge successful in the market place (Dunlop-Hinkler et al., 2011). The conceptual framework, employed in this study, will link the dynamic abilities framework with the procedure-based perception of the firm. It is true that technology agility is an essential precursor to the fundamental firm agilities, and in turn, these agilities affect both market and financial performance via intermediary business procedures. In conclusion, technology agility has a major responsibility in shaping the dynamic abilities of a firm that further improve its performance. Buy custom Firm Agility and Business Performance essay
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Friend and Protected Friend in VB.NET
Friend and Protected Friend in VB.NET Access modifiers (also called scoping rules) determine what code can access an element- that is, what code has permission to read it or write to it. In previous versions of Visual Basic, there were three types of classes. These have been carried forward to .NET. In each of these, .NET allows access only to code: Private - within the same module, class, or structure.Friend - within the same assembly.Public - anywhere in the same project, from other projects that reference the project, and from any assembly built from the project. In other words, any code that can find it. VB.NET has also added one and a half new ones. ProtectedProtected Friend The half is because Protected Friend is a combination of the new Protected class and the old Friend class. The Protected and Protected Friend modifiers are necessary because VB.NET implements the last OOP requirement that VB was missing: Inheritance. Previous to VB.NET, supercilious and disdainful C and Java programmers would belittle VB because it was, according to them, not fully object oriented. Why? Previous versions lacked inheritance. Inheritance allows objects to share their interfaces and/or implementation in a hierarchy. In other words, inheritance makes it possible for one software object that takes on all of the methods and properties of another one. This is often called the is-a relationship. A truck is-a vehicle.A square is-a shape.A dog is-a mammal. The idea is that more general and widely used methods and properties are defined parent classes and these are made more specific in child classes (often called subclasses). Mammal is a more general description than dog. Whales are mammals. The big benefit is that you can organize your code so you only have to write code that does something that lots of objects have to do once in the parent. All employees have to have an employee number assigned to them. More specific code can be part of the child classes. Only employees that work in the general office need to have an employee door card key assigned to them. This new capability of inheritance requires new rules, however. If a new class is based on an old one, Protected is an access modifier that reflects that relationship. Protected code can be accessed only from within the same class, or from a class derived from this class. You dont want employee door card keys being assigned to anyone except employees. As noted, Protected Friend is a combination of the access of both Friend and Protected. Code elements can be accessed either from derived classes or from within the same assembly, or both. Protected Friend can be used to create libraries of classes since code that accesses your code only has to be in the same assembly. But Friend also has that access, so why would you use Protected Friend? The reason is that Friend can be used in a Source file, Namespace, Interface, Module, Class, or Structure. But Protected Friend can only be used in a Class. Protected Friend is what you need for building your own object libraries. Friend is just for difficult code situations where assembly wide access is really required.
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Applied management project Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words
Applied management project - Dissertation Example The emergence of corporate communication was brought about by the need of organisations to build and maintain relationships with its key stakeholders in order to sustain the survival of the organisation's business in its respective industry. The management of communication functions has evolved from fragmented disciplines into a holistic setting. Previously, organisations have made use of communication disciplines as individual units that would serve its distinct purpose in line with the employed strategies. Through the course of communication development, organisations have realized the importance of an integrated approach towards managing communication functions. ... Aims and Objectives Communication is not just an integral factor between personal relationships and groups, it also applies to organisations. Success cannot simply be measured by performance and quality; it can be culminated through proper communication to form a clear and lucid relationship between firms and its publics. Most companies fail to see the importance of what integrated corporate communication can do to improve their businesses (Van Ruler & de Lange 2003). At present, the prevailing principle in regards to the basis of an organisation's survival in the industry depends on how it is perceived by its key stakeholders, which comprises of both internal and external publics. Internal audiences are investors, stockholders, shareholders and employees; whereas external audiences are the consumers and other members of the community such as the government, institutions and media (Argenti, Howell & Beck 2005). Such principle had been further proved by recent events such as corporate crises, recession, financial crisis and the liberalism of trade. These have led to the decisions of senior executives among leading organisations to fortify the reputation of their firms and place significant emphasis on it as one of their key strategic goals. This goal entails the process of formulating, maintaining and protecting the reputation of the firm. Such objectives are the core tasks of a corporate communication specialist. In spite of significance highlighted on the organisation's image and reputation, the purpose and the benefits provided by corporate communication is yet to be fully grasped (Marchand 1998; Van Ruler & de Lange 2003; Argenti et. al 2005). This concern has made specialists
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Genetic Disease Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Genetic Disease - Case Study Example Rita inherited the recessive gene from her father and became a carrier. Since both Peter and Rita are carriers for the recessive gene, there is a 25% chance that their child could well be suffering from Tay-Sachs disease. The screening test (CVS) for fetal genetic defects confirmed that the fetus was indeed afflicted by the Tay-Sachs disease. Rita (43 years) and Peter (46 years) have been trying to have a baby for more than 2 years, Rita has conceived now. There is sufficient documentation to show that the peak fertility period for women is between 20-24 years of age, after which it begins to decrease and this explains the delayed conception. The website www.babycentre.co.uk states that "According to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, "At 35 you're half as fertile as when you were at 25; at 40 you're half as fertile as when you were 35". This means that it can suddenly take much longer to get pregnant when you hit your late thirties or early forties and you may have problems conceiving at all." Another problem is that the odds of having a baby with a genetic defect increase as you get older. Figures from the Office of National Statistics for 2005, show that the risk of having a baby with a genetic abnormality such as Down's syndrome rises from 2 per 1,000 births at ages 35-39 years, to 4 per 1,000 at age 40-44 years up to 14 per 1,000 at age 45 years or over. If you're almost, or over 40, you should strongly consider genetic testing because the risk of genetic problems increases significantly. Both Rita and Peter have crossed their peak fertility age and are therefore in the high risk category for genetic disorders. The physician, ordered for a CVS to rule out any genetic defects in the developing fetus. The genetic screening pointed to Tay-Sachs in the fetus. Prior to this genetic screening neither Peter nor Rita ever suspected that they could be carriers for the Tay-Sachs disease. The Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disease which is a result of mutation in both the alleles of the gene Hex-A seen in chromosome 15. As a result of the mutation, an enzyme called Hexosaminidase A is either not produced at all, or, is not produced in sufficient quantity. This insufficiency leads to an abnormal accumulation of a lipid called GM2 ganglioside in the nerve cells especially in the brain leading to progressive damage of the cells and eventual death of the cells. Children who suffer from this disease usually die before the age of five, because, by this age the nervous system is so seriously affected that it cannot support life. Knowing that it is a recessive gene that causes the disease, is good news for the Trosack couple. A recessive gene can express itself in a particular generation only if it is present in a double dose, this occurs only if the progeny has inherited the recessive gene from both its parents. The chance of the couple passing on the recessive genes to their progeny, so as to exhibit the condition is only
Saturday, January 25, 2020
The Impact Of ECommerce On Tesco Plc Information Technology Essay
The Impact Of ECommerce On Tesco Plc Information Technology Essay In 1919, Jack Cohen founded Tesco as he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. On his first day, his profit was à £1 with total sales of à £4. In 1924, Jack sold his first own-brand product which was Tesco Tea and this was before the company was called Tesco. The name comes from the initials of TE Stockwell, who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and CO from Jacks surname. In 1929 Jack Cohen opens his first Tesco store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. 1932 and Tesco Stores Limited became a private limited company. Two years later in 1934, Jack Cohen bought a plot of land at Angel Road, Edmonton, North London to build a new headquarters and warehouse. It was the first modern food warehouse in the country and introduced new ideas for central stock control. Furthermore, in 1947, Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd floats on the Stock Exchange with a share price of 25p, and in 1956, the first Tesco self-service supermarket opens in a converted cine ma in Maldon. The list below shows further expansion by Tesco PLC within the subsequent years; Annual sales exceed à £2 billion Computerised checkouts introduced into the first Tesco stores 1983 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd becomes Tesco PLC 1995 Would I Buy It initiative is launched to ensure that products are always of the highest quality for customers Tesco becomes the market-leading food retailer Tesco Clubcard is launched 1996 Tesco launches 24 hour trading 1999 Tesco enters South Korea Tesco launches a new on-line bookstore and on-line banking Tesco publishes supermarket price comparisons on the internet 2000 Tesco.com is launched 2004 Tesco enters China Tesco launches own-brand Fair-trade range Tesco Broadband is launched Tesco.com becomes first major British supermarket to enter music download market 2005 Tesco exits the Taiwanese market in an asset swap deal with Carrefour involving stores and operations in the Czech Republic Tesco Homeplus launches Tesco announces annual profits of à £2 billion 2006 Tesco Direct launches 2009 Tesco launchesà www.tesco.com/clothing Clubcard re-launched in the UK with à £150 million investment offering customers the opportunity to double up their vouchers 2010 Tesco opens the worlds first zero-carbon supermarket in Ramsey, Cambridgeshire Tesco opens its first Lifespace mall in Qingdao, China. More information on the history and progress of the company throughout the years can be seen on the companys corporate website. Here are some common Tesco logos that can be seen around; http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQaFF1G-B2Pd3iXLWuhEoxiXI2BfXEPatERE12y9CX7VSkScZ http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9vEIPDWGJMiMAThPnTWaTjp_LHes8YvMuQ5z_T6EhEzgSlyix http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQqpNKamt2FQnmOZthlHgFaRLyzlO_oRZDKWZ72QS6agwBy811Jhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGdVEEIbImv3nFiGQSkonLltz7w77rmlXaaTEEPeMovbxd5iBM http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTMe4aTQ6V4FOR4f6ULiORWC8nlEBcjLYJ-wu4ATwiFA8VpNt61 HOW TESCO USED TO DO BUSINESS. In Tescos early days, as seen from the original operations, grocery products were sold from market stalls until the first Tesco store was opened in North London in 1929. Then in 1934, the owner bought a plot of land to build a new headquarters and a warehouse and introduced new ideas for central stock control. In 1956 Tesco opened a self service supermarket in a converted cinema in Maldon which meant that people could go in and pick their own items of interest from the shelves and make their way to checkout points or tills for payment. Initially, Tescos marketing operations would have involved the use of TVs, Radio, newspapers, mail shots and billboards. Then in 1982, computerised checkouts were introduced into the first Tesco stores and the companys annual sales exceeded à £2 billion. Here we can see the integration of computerised operations including the centralised stock control to get a picture of the early stages of e-commerce making its way into the business operations. HOW E-COMMERCE HAS TRANSFORMED TESCOS METHOD OF WORKING. With the integration of computerised systems in operations both at stock control levels, database and checkout levels, Tesco launched the Tesco clubcard which allowed customers to earn points from every purchase they made. This involved a brief registration of the customers name, phone number and address details and the issuance of a personal card but this also meant that the company now had a database of loyal customers and every time these cards were used by a customer, Tesco could tell what had been purchased in order to calculate the points but in the process, the company could make predictions about certain goods and items and they could also send in offers and coupons to customers based on what they thought each individual customer would be interested in, either based on a previous purchase or based on a new product. This greatly allowed customers who had the clubcard to relate to Tesco on an almost personal shopping experience, but the underlying factor here was in the use of this particular e-commerce application amongst others. Then the company launched of the 24 hour trading in 1996, which at that stage had a lot to do with the application of computerised and electronic methods of operation, in ways that could maximise the efficiency of the companys operations from the warehouses to the tills. This involved electronic methods of stock control to assist with constant replenishment when necessary, time management, use of barcodes, Television and radio commercials, coupons and printed flyers promoting the organic range, etc. All this time, Tesco was also busy expanding their International branches to as far as Asia and in 1999, the company launched a new on-line bookstore and on-line banking and also published supermarket price comparisons on the internet. Here again we can see that the companys use of e-commerce is expanding at such a rate that competitors would have had to have their seatbelts well tight in order to catch up with this giant retailer. In the year 2000, Tesco launched Tesco.com which basically began the whole Tesco/internet revolution of shopping online with Tesco for almost every household product that the customers needed. With an online platform to advertise and sell products, Tesco.com had made a way for the company to deliver its grocery goods and some other services to customers in the comfort of their own homes and without the need to go to the stores. This was the closest to maximum convenience both for the customers who could now shop anytime and have their goods delivered at conveniently agreed times, and also for the company who could now reach a wider range of people both socially and geographically while at the same time reducing traffic in the stores. Customers could pick from all sorts of products including the free from products designed for customers with special dietary needs and there was just a wide range of flexibility for the customer regarding the whole shopping experience. Nowadays, the comp any can be accessed instantaneously via the World Wide Web on computers, laptops and even the mobile phone. Internally, the use of email, fax, databases, computer programmes, intranet and internet has enabled Tesco to maximise its operational capabilities as information can be accessed, processed and sent around important divisions within a short period of time. I.e. functions of purchasing, supply, accounts, management, marketing, sales, etc. Below are some Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce to TESCO. THE ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE. Elderly and disabled customers can shop within the comfort of their homes and all customers have access to a wider range of providers to choose from thereby enabling customer empowerment. Heightened customer service as customers are enabled to find detailed information online, and intelligent agents can also answer standard e-mail questions in seconds. Also, reviews posted by other customers about the products purchased on a website can help with decision making for the customer. The use of phone and e-mail has also improved communications between the company and the customer as queries and enquiries are usually made directly via these mediums. Customers also have a wider product range to choose from as they can view the contents of an entire store without physically walking around it, plus round the clock operations online which makes shopping accessible to customers on 24/7 basis. Reduces Time and money spent as travel time and cost, to and from the store, is eliminated, and with online vendors selling different product ranges at different prices, customers can find a product that best suits their financial and qualitative demands. In some cases, companies will often offer the same products for less if it is purchased online. E-commerce benefits for the company. Globalisation in terms of product promotion and sales to reach a wider range of consumers. More efficient inventory management and stock control to maximise product availability. Just in Time (JIT) warehousing to eliminate Location and availability restrictions thus saving costs for both the company and the customer. Corporate image to establish identity and trust which is necessary for direct sales and to affirm the brand image. The use of computerised databases, fax, email, computer-aided designs, intranet and the internet as a whole has also equipped Tesco with some necessary tools for maximising operations and communications. From sourcing and dealing with suppliers of products via email, phone and fax, through to marketing towards in-store and online sales and promotions via Television, radio, electronic billboards, internet sites , and finally for customer support via phone, email, etc, e-commerce has completely transformed how Tesco works today. THE DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE. Security and privacy of personal information as a lot of people are still quite sceptical about using their personal bank details for shopping online. Programmes like viruses could cause a website to shut down and could also affect customers computers as a result of using the website. Product quality and delivery of items could be different from what the customer might be expecting. Internet speed and bandwidth in certain areas may make it difficult for customers to use the website hassle free. Staffing. The more e-commerce improves, the less human labour that is required to carry out certain tasks and this can cause a lot of human positions to become downsized or rendered totally obsolete which is not favourable to the workers. This has also led to the addition of new skill sets (to cope with new operations) which could mean new staff, new job roles and titles, and in some cases also involves retraining current staff in order to keep up with technological changes and all these have had its financial costs to the company coupled with the financial costs of implementing the hardware needed for particular e-commerce- related upgrades. There have also been some social costs as a result of e-commerce as there are now new job roles and titles which people have to adapt to via a cultural change. Also, since most items can be sold online to a much wider audience while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods, a company does not have to spend so much on an expensive High Street presence and this in turn means that the traditional social gathering of shoppers is gradually fading away. RISKS INCURRED IN INTRODUCING E-COMMERCE TO THE ORGANISATION Social Risks. In addition to the potential loss of revenue that declines in employee productivity can create due to certain applications of e-commerce, an inappropriate use of the companys resources can also put a strain on business infrastructure and therefore result in performance and availability issues, causing users who are participating in work-related activities to experience a slow down. Information risk is another social risk that is impacted by employee use of company resources for personal reasons. Protecting information assets from destruction, loss and corruption is an important preventative measure. As employees use the internet for activities such as shopping, social networking and web surfing, the threats to the company information assets are greatly increased. If employees are using these devices to access personal e-mail accounts or shop online, or are using their work e-mail accounts in relation to shopping, phishing becomes more likely. Phishing can result in many damaging scenarios for enterprises such as loss of customer data, loss of enterprise intellectual property and damage to enterprise data. Social risks on the part of the customers can involve trust for a company in using their services online, putting out their personal information for transactions on-line, and even a change from the old tradition of shopping to a completely new system of doing things. Unregulated on-line buying could become a significant social problem as e-commerce spreads. The compulsive buying tendencies of certain consumers coupled with their affinity for the Internet is cause for special concern. Beyond inefficiency in markets, there will be social costs from reduced productivity, personal bankruptcies, disrupted families and ruined lives. Chasing the problem with credit and psychiatric counselling will be expensive both in terms of tax dollars and human lives. By way of prevention, existing fair trade practices prohibiting deceptive promotions and pricing should be extended to e-commerce. Fortunately, many people recover from addictions on their own and many more can learn the self-control required to avoid them, with a little help. Software developed within the Internet community could help on-line consumers maintain self-regulation. It could extend bundling by automatically totalling purchases across sites and sessions and provide a running on-screen meter of expenditures and time spent shopping, to promote self-observation. Automatic filtering of sites, types of products, or product stimuli (e.g., jpg files with product images) that foster excessive purchases would reduce exposure to shopping stimuli. To bolster the judgmental sub-function, shoppers could be prompted to make a shopping list before entering e-commerce sites and receive on-screen warnings when they surpassed referential norms or family budgets. Self-reactions could be prompted by forcing shoppers to re-allocate budgets, relate unplanned purchases to initial shopping objectives or respond to remonstrative e-mails from significant others before completing a purchase. Financial Risks. All companies face financial risk, even if they only operate via the Internet. E-Commerce companies may face a harder time securing external financing because they may not have a lot of physical assets to use as collateral or indicate their long-term viability as a company. Banks and other lenders may require a higher level of personal capital involvement by owners and officers before lending money to the company. Generating a positive daily cash flow may also be difficult because of the fees involved with website protection, hosting, electronic shopping carts and credit card companies. These fees are required by vendors of E-Commerce companies and cannot be avoided. To mitigate these risks, E-Commerce companies must employ accountants or use a public accounting firm to ensure that no internal waste of cash is going on and all expenses are relevant to the operation of the company. Since there are regulations surrounding data protection, consumer protection, distance selling regulations, etc, the company faces a huge financial risk if any of these security measures are breached, and such measures could potentially cause the business to go bankrupt. In general, the security systems needed in place to ensure safety of customer information as well as physical infrastructure of setting up an entire e-commerce system, failure of the hardware and/or software, attack via virus or computer hacker, fire and flooding all poses serious financial risks to the company if the revenue does not meet up with the expenditure used to secure these factors. THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON ITS CONSUMERS. E-commerce has completely changed the way people look at making purchases and spending their money. It has certainly had some positive as well as negative impacts on the consumers. The Tesco system has been active in making sure that the consumers experience the positives while almost making the negatives non-existent. This system of commerce has affected consumers in the way that many people can now do most or all of their shopping on-line and within the comfort of their homes or anywhere with a computer and internet connection. This can especially come handy for people with very busy lifestyles, the aged or disabled people. This has translated as a kind of empowerment as people can make purchases round the clock and even have their goods delivered at suitable times as well. Also, customer service with e-commerce has enabled consumers to have access to a wide range of specific and detailed information about their goods and purchases online. Intelligent agents can answer standard e-mail queries in record time and the use of help desk software allows human expert services to be expedited with minimal stress. Consumers can now also make use of a service that allows them to fully customise their products and services in contrast to buying in a store where products are usually merely standard. E-commerce has also allowed people who would otherwise not be interested in the physical side of technology to have somewhat basic ideas of the systems they need to operate in order to make use of the e-commerce systems which in turn is a kind of education in terms of having that new knowledge of how things work. In the case of the Tesco club card, consumers have been greatly impacted as they feel a personal connection with their retailer of choice that seems to give something back in the way of points and also make relevant offers based on previous purchases or potentially relevant products. All in all, from the stores using electronic check-outs, centralised stock control, etc to the website where consumers just place their orders and wait for delivery to their doorsteps, e-commerce has had a generally positive impact on its consumers. HOW TESCO MET THE CHALLENGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY. IT systems have played a key role in helping Tesco deliver strong profits. The Tesco website, in which it has invested heavily in during recent years, saw profits leap by 21 per cent to à £48 million, on the back of an almost equal percentage sales rise. Online grocery orders have lifted by 10 per cent to à £7.5 million. The company has always been ahead in embracing and implementing new technology with an open-minded and optimistic approach despite the social and financial challenges. Advanced in-store queuing systems had improved shopping for 26 million of its customers by reducing checkout lines, Tesco said. The supermarket chain is using heat-sensing technology to monitor lines at tills. It also said improved scanners, better self service tills, and checkout cameras were helping it reduce queues. Self-service checkouts now account for a fifth of all of Tesco transactions. The supermarket took steps in 2008 to ready its technology for the Christmas sales peak, implementing ExpeT une performance management software from Macro 4 to manage its mainframe servers. Tesco has invested heavily in IT over the years, and this has played a strong role in improving sales, the supply chain, and efficiency across the company. The company has an in-house designed supply chain application, running on IBM system p servers based on UNIX. The companys five-year old warehouse in Croydon, which serves south-east London customers only and was also the companys first dedicated online hub, became profitable in 2008. The warehouse handles orders with a value of over à £1 million per week. Sales in non-food business Tesco Direct increased to à £180 million from a virtual standing start. The business, which is part of Tescos general merchandise division and has 11,000 items for sale online, had start-up costs and initial operating losses totalling around à £25m this year. Tesco said it is aiming to absorb these losses. Launched in 2006, Tesco Direct experienced IT problems that re portedly delayed its opening. The supermarket giant has 3,000 staff working at its offshore site in India, providing IT and administrative support around the world, including the recently launched US operation Fresh n Easy. The Indian site provides software development, as well as accounting and payroll services. Tesco also has a long running application development deal with Steria-owned outsourcer Xansa, targeted at ensuring its systems are up to date and in line with business needs. In store, Tesco continued to benefit from thermal imaging technology at checkouts, which speeds up queues and helps the store manage the flow of people and direct them to other tills. The company has a one in front policy, meaning that if more than one customer is in front of anyone at a checkout; it aims to open another till if one is available. Outsourcing and partnerships are other ways in which Tesco has been able to meet new technological challenges. In the case of their energy consumption, Tesco has outsourced the monitoring and regulation of this function to the HSE group to achieve the targeted reduced energy and carbon emissions by monitoring the plant and systems installed to ensure that they run and operate at their optimum. Their scope of services include: Energy monitoring, Plant performance, Management information, System improvement, Minor works and Maintenance. Their key objectives were To monitor the performance of new technologies, To provide feedback on plant and system performance, Management information is provided in a usable format and on a timely basis, Incremental improvements that will contribute to ongoing savings are identified and implemented, To be able to share findings from system performance, technologies and innovations. We have learned from our experience that there is often a frustrating gap between being able to identify the technology that is needed whether on low-energy lighting or lower-emissions refrigeration and being able to purchase and apply that technology commercially. We will work with our suppliers to reduce and hopefully eliminate this gap. Sir Terry Leahy (former CE0 of Tesco Plc). With the pace of consumer technology rapidly developing, Tesco now stocks an increased range of electrical products in-store and online. Responding to consumer demand, the retailer introduced Tesco Tech Support in 2008, making friendly faces available to expertly answer consumer technology queries, guiding them to choose the right product. Continuing to grow, the service now has more than 1000 expert advisors across the UK at 200 Tesco Extra stores and a dedicated UK call centre. The new http:///www.tescotechsupport.com website was created by an in-house team at FuturePlus. The site supplements dedicated online editorial content with all-new how-to tech videos fronted by Tesco Tech Support employees. THE SECURITY ISSUES IT ENCOUNTERED. TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES. Some of the technological security issues the company encountered include the following which could have had disastrous effects on the organisation; User authentication: A user name and password combination, where the password can vary in length and include numbers and characters. Remember to include a system that prompts employees to change their passwords at regular intervals. Viruses: A computer virus is a bug that affects your computer in many ways, it can come from almost any source like disks but mostly from the internet or emails, it can copy itself and manipulate a computers files. It can alter or even destroy company computers and also the computers of users who log on to such services. By installing anti-virus protection, the company can protect against viruses from affecting the computer. Firewalls and performance: Effectively, installing a firewall can slow down the computer depending on what it does, and where it came from. Firewalls are programs that monitor traffic, which is the incoming and outgoing data communication that takes place when the user is online. The software needs to be configured to permit or deny communication with websites, as chosen by the user. In general, once configured, there is no real impact on the performance of websites, but it can take time to set up the relevant permissions between the site and the users computer. SSL (secure sockets layer) and HTTPS: A popular implementation of public-key encryption is the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Originally developed by Netscape, SSL is an Internet security protocol used by Internet browsers and Web servers to transmit sensitive information. SSL has become part of an overall security protocol known as Transport Layer Security (TLS). Https is not a separate protocol, but refers to the combination of a normal HTTP interaction over an encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection. This ensures reasonable protection from eavesdroppers and man-in-the-middle attacks. RSA Certificates: A digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that the user knows who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it. Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures. FINANCIAL ISSUES. Prevention of Hacking and Identity Theft: Identity theft is when a hacker gets through to a users computer via a virus and acquires their personal credit card details, and then uses the details for their own personal use. Hackers get in to the computer system through ports, when the ports are open the hacker can get in, this may be with viruses or other means, users can stop hackers by installing a firewall onto the computer which blocks off the ports so hackers cant get through. Payment systems: using payment cards online has always given cause for concern as the information contained in them is quite delicate. The introduction of services like PayPal have ensure that consumers have a reasonable amount of confidence in using online service that require some sort of payment for products or services. PHYSICAL ISSUES Physical issues include factors like access to both company and customer information by employees through mediums that make it all too easy to tamper with, destroy, or steal such sensitive information. HOW THE COMPANY TOOK ADVANTAGE OF NEW DISTRIBUTION AND SALES CHANNELS. With the integration of computerised systems of data processing and communications, the company had expanded their capabilities in the area of sales and distribution. Products could be sold through channels like the Television, on radio, on billboards, via email, via the internet and affiliate websites, flyers, coupons and even by text on mobile phones. Tesco used all their available resources and avenues to make sure their products were available to a large consumer base both locally and internationally. The application of call centres which made use of numerous phone and computer systems meant that the process from marketing to sales could be run by a unit of dedicated employees. Tescos distribution network in the UK was among the best in the world. The company emphasized the importance of putting resources to the maximum use. Tesco stores in the UK received two deliveries a day one a fill up delivery and the other, a top up delivery. To keep the things simple for customers as well as for employees, Tesco adopted several new systems such as electronic shelf edge labelling all across the store, through which prices could be changed from a single central point; self scanning tills; self service pre-packaged products, coffee shop on mezzanine floor and also merchandising of fresh produce. Things like next day delivery and named day delivery have also been effective in maximising the use of these new sales channels. For existing customers, email marketing and direct mail marketing to provide special offers and promotions to customers is important. According to Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco.com use what he describes as a commitment-based segmentation or loyalty l adder which is based on time of purchase, frequency of purchase and value which is used to identify 6 lifecycle categories which are then further divided to target communications: Logged-on Cautionary Developing Established Dedicated Logged-off (the aim here is to win back) Tesco then use automated event-triggered messaging can be created to encourage continued purchase. For example, Tesco.com has a touch strategy which includes a sequence of follow-up communications triggered after different events in the customer lifecycle. In the example given below, communications after event 1 are intended to achieve the objective of converting a web site visitor to action; communications after event 2 are intended to move the customer from a first time purchaser to a regular purchaser and for event 3 to reactivate lapsed purchasers. THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON THE BUSINESS. Selling through websites is the fastest growing method of trading worldwide. There are two main forms of e-commerce: Business to business (B2B) trading where companies trade and exchange information using the World Wide Web. Business to consumer (B2C) trading where companies deal directly with customers through web pages, and ordering is carried out online. Trading online enables businesses to reach much wider audiences while cutting the costs of traditional retailing methods. For example, an e-tailer does not have to spend so much on an expensive High Street presence. Although the outlay on developing a good website is substantial the potential benefits can be enormous. There have been impacts on direct marketing where promotion of products and services have been enhanced through direct, information rich, detailed and interactive contact with consumers. The cost of delivering relevant information and digitized products to customers over the internet is results in substantial savings to the company when compared with traditional methods of delivery. The process of delivery, cycle times, administrative work and time spent on other fu
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