Effects Of Nutrition Interventions On The Food Choices Of...

Impact of Nutrition Interventions on the Food Choices of High School 9th Grade Classes Introduction Due to the high rates of youth obesity in the United States, more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese in 2012, School nutrition has become an increasingly important factor in the health of all students (1). School nutrition officials are constantly evolving with changing laws, regulations and preferences in order to influence student physical health and practices in a positive way. In order to support these efforts, research must be done to determine if nutrition interventions in school classrooms do indeed have a positive effect on student choices. If changes in student health are to be achieved, then the†¦show more content†¦Limitations Although as many factors as possible were controlled during the time of this study, some limitations could not be manipulated by the researcher. These limitations included each student’s choice to focus on and learn from the provided lesson, the time of the day at which the lesson was presented and th e nutrition habits of students before the lesson. Background/Review of Literature As the research for this area of study grows, it is becoming increasingly apparent that School nutrition interventions are crucial tools to improve student health. There are numerous articles that have completed research into the efficacy and impact of nutrition interventions on students in all levels of school. According to one article, between the years of 1991 and 2010 over 43 studies were published and showed a pooled reduction of 17% in the BMI of tested students (2). As seen in multiple sources of literature, most nutrition interventions do seem to have a lasting effect on those involved (3,4,5,6). On web-based intervention, for example, provided health and nutrition information to 336 students. Upon completion of this study, it was found that BMI decreased significantly for those who demonstrated BMIs above the 85th% and did not change significantly for those at a normal weight (4). Overall according to recent research, nutrition interventions a re definitely improving the

The Chinese Culture Free Essays

The dictionary defines â€Å"culture† as â€Å"the behavior and beliefs characteristics of a  particular social, ethnic, or age group† China has about five thousand years history which is a very long period of time. Also, the Chinese civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues greater than ever. Many wars and unhappinesses were happening during this period. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which are very interesting for people to learn. The family life is very important for every Chinese. Chinese families are very close-knit. Children tend to stay with their parents even after they get married and have children of their own, so that you often see three or four generations living under the same roof. Each member of the family help each other when there is any problem The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which are  Ã‚  very interesting for   people to learn,  and delicious food to try. Some types of common Chinese food are rice, noodles, soup. The  Ã‚   Chinese people are known for their unusual eating method using â€Å"two chopsticks†. The  tradition of  chopsticks was introduced to many other countries in the world such as  Ã‚  Vietnam, North Korea, and  South Korea. As for many Asian families , Chinese people   eat dinner  all  together at one table, They try to put the meal in the centre of the table and other serving stuff informt of the people. If this is an official dinner with guests, all the places on the table can be   fulled with plates. If this a dinner with the family guys, only the minimum part of the table is used. Their most popular food is   white rice and they mostly like fish and sea foods. The people also like  eggs, fish, fruit, and shellfish.. Vegetables, especially  cabbage and Tofu rank second in Chinese diet. Roasted sweet potatoes are a popular snack Tea is the traditional Chinese beverage. Breakfast in China may be rice porridge, chicken noodle soup, or deep fried pastries that  taste like donuts. In China the people’s favorite lunch time foods include eggrolls, and  dumplings filled with meat or shrimps. A typical Chinese dinner includes vegetables with bits of meat or seafood, soup, and rice and noodles. In China most Chinese dishes are served in a boiling soup to keep the contents hot for longer, Chinese cuisine and culturel behaving can be   very very intresting chapter for us. That’s why people are trying to visit China and feel the difference of their cultures.. This is a very short time to summerize a very old culture in 1 hour but these Chinese different foods must have been tasted by everybody once in a life. That’s why Chinese restaurants are always crowded all over the World. How to cite The Chinese Culture, Papers

Mice and Men is a story written by John Steinbeck mainly about two friends, George and Lennie Essay Example For Students

Mice and Men is a story written by John Steinbeck mainly about two friends, George and Lennie Essay Mice and Men is a story written by John Steinbeck mainly about two friends, George and Lennie. George is described as Small, Quick, Dark of face with restless eyes and sharp strong features. Lennie is totally the opposite, and is described as huge man, shapeless of face with large pale eyes and sloping shoulders. John Steinbeck shows that George is the small clever guy whereas Lennie is the big dumb guy. George and Lennie travel together everywhere in the search for a job. Lennie keeps on messing up and so George and Lennie have to move elsewhere. This brings them to a ranch in California. George describes people working on the ranch as the loneliest guys in the world. They have no family and dont belong no place. Theyre working in the ranch to build up a stake to have their own place. The bosss son Curley has a wife who likes to flirt around with the guys and one day she is flirting around with Lennie whilst everyone else is playing a game. She tells Lennie to touch her hair, but this was a grave mistake because Lennie doesnt let go. Curleys wife starts to scream and try to get Lennie hands of her hair. But this result in Lennie holding her hair even tighter, and because of Lennies brute strength, her neck was broken and she died. Seeing this Curley set out for revenge for his wife and his broken hand. He goes with all the ranch workers set on killing Lennie. George knows where Lennie had gone and he also goes there. George does not want Lennie to be brutally killed and for the sake of friendship he kills Lennie himself so Lennie can be spared from being killed by others. There are many themes to the play but the main one is friendship between George and Lennie. Unlike any other worker on the ranch George and Lennie have each other. Steinbeck reiterates this point by saying I got you and you got me. In Mice and Men every ranch worker desires to come together in a way that would allow them to be like brothers. Each ranch worker would like to know that there is someone in the world dedicated to protecting them. The Boss asks George Say-what you sellin? He was suggesting why he always looked out for Lennie and if he wanted the money Lennie earned. The Boss could not understand the fact that George and Lennie were friends and looked out for each other unlike the other ranch workers. Another theme would be the Human existence and during the story at one point or another nearly all the characters, including George, Lennie, Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife admit to having a profound sense of loneliness and isolation. Curleys wife admits to Candy, Crooks, and Lennie that she is unhappily married and Crooks tells Lennie that life is no good without a companion to turn to in times of confusion and need. The characters are rendered helpless by their isolation, and yet, even at their weakest, they seek to destroy those who are even weaker than they. Perhaps the most powerful example of this cruel tendency is when Crooks criticizes Lennies dream of the farm and his dependence on George. Having just admitted his own vulnerabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ he is a black man with a crooked back who longs for companionship, Crooks zeroes in on Lennies own weaknesses. It seems that each person gets strength when criticising someones weakness. Crooks seems at his strongest when he has nearly reduced Lennie to tears for fear that something bad has happened to George, just as Curleys wife feels most powerful when she threatens to have Crooks lynched. The novel suggests that the most visible kind of strength, that used to oppress others, is itself born of weakness. Probably the main reason why Lennie and George were together was because they fear loneliness. Another theme is the Impossibility of the American Dream where every character reveals that they wish to live another life. Curleys wife confesses her desire to be a movie star. Crooks, bitter as he is, allows himself the pleasant fantasy of hoeing a patch of garden on Lennies farm one day, and Candy latches on desperately to Georges vision of owning a couple of acres. All the characters have to resign themselves to something that they dont want to be. The theme is that no-one ever is getting to fulfil their dreams especially during the depression period. During the 1930s there was depression when the American economy was low and out and out of business with no money or jobs. So everyone was going to the land of dreams. It was California that everyone wanted to go to, as the soil was good for growing crops. But even California was being called a Dust Bowl which meant that the drought made it impossible to farm on the land. On the contrary people had wear masks not to inhale the sand otherwise they might not even live. For migrant workers it was really hard to earn money and was really lonely. If a migrant worker was too old they would fire him because he cant work properly. In the novel, Candy has a similar situation. The moment he cant swamp out bunk-houses theyll can him purty soon. This suggests that people who work at the ranch have to be able to work. This is why Candy wanted to lend George and Lennie the money so he would have a stake and a place to live when he was too old. Only the strongest survived in the world. Theyre lifestyle was very poor and had to work really for little money. When George and Lennie arrive in the bunkhouse they have few comforts in their quarters. The men have to sleep on rough burlap mattresses. Life was not so clean in the ranch, but Candy talks to George about the person who had earlier the bed that George had. Whitey was a very clean person and used to wash his hands even after he ate. This suggests that the rest might not have washed their hands after meals. This shows that theyre lifestyle was of a low class. Just Like That by Michael Richards EssayThe language that Steinbeck uses for Curleys wife when talking to the ranch workers is persuasive to make them understand her situation and possibly feels sympathetic for her. Also she talks in a sweet way trying to seduce them. Perhaps the time of depression resulted in women not being treated fairly and this resulted in loneliness. The culture was to try to earn as much money as they could this resulted in men forgetting about their wives. In Mice and Men there is only one black person in the whole ranch. At the time there was a lot of racism by white people to black people. Black people were being segregated by white people in everything. White people wanted to show that they are superior in every way to black people. John Steinbeck shows this as well in the book in the form of Crooks. He gets racially abused all the time because he was a black. He never spoke to anyone and he had his own room separate from everyone else so he never had chance to speak to anyone. No-one ever talked to him apart from sometimes Slim. The workers were embarrassed to talk to Crooks just like Candy is when he enters Crooks room. They called him a black negro or nigger which is a foul word to say especially if its not black man to black man. Curleys wife is very racist to Crooks saying I could get you strung up a tree so easy it aint even funny. She could get Crooks lynched through no fault of his. When Lennie tries to come into Crooks room and talk to him as the rest have gone out, Crooks says You got no right coming into my room. Crooks tell Lennie that he isnt invited to the bunkhouse because hes black and that he stinks. He was implying that he couldnt do things that other people did because he was a different race colour. When he talks, no-one gives him importance because its only a nigger talking. But finally the aspiration of talking to someone overcomes him and he allows Lennie to come in. Crooks views everyone as racist depicting his character as someone who keeps to himself and doesnt try to interact with anyone else. The culture at the time was very similar to South Africa where also this type of racism and possibly even worse racism happened to black people. The American dream was a dream everyone wanted to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to be their own bosses, and actually have stability. George, Lennie, Candy and Crooks are all chasing the dream. George and Lennie have the dream even before they arrive at their new job on the ranch, to make enough money to live off the fat of the land and be their own bosses. They plan to have their own little place with some cows and pigs. Also they want a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens. Candy upon hearing about the dream, wanted to join them so he would not be left alone, especially after his dog was killed. He would have been out of a job and living place soon enough because he was getting old and so if he had his own place no-one could kick him out. Crooks wanted to join them so he wouldnt be alone. He felt that if he lived with George, Lennie and Candy, he may not be racially abused and can talk to someone. George has to let go of his dream and financial security when he kills Lennie so he would escape a brutal death. In the novel, Steinbeck mocks the dreams of the characters because of the impossibility of a better life for them. Killing Lennie meant that he wouldnt have enough money and also a person to live with so therefore he would spend his whole life alone working in the ranches. This is also dramatic irony because at the start he keeps telling Lennie that he would have done better if he was alone. But now when he is alone he cant live this way. One other aspect of the American dream portrayed in the book is the dream of Hollywood for Curleyquot;s Wife. This is the feminine version of the dream of owning land. However, she also envisions escaping the world she lives in and moving to a perfect one like the male dream. She says, whilst talking to Lennie, a show came through and I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show. But my olquot; lady wouldnquot;t let me. She says because I was onquot;y fifteen. But the guy says I coulda. If Iquot;d went, I wouldnquot;t be livinquot; like this you bet. This quote shows how she has convinced herself that there is a better life that she could have had, and maybe still hope for in the movies. This dream is seemingly all that keeps her going in her unhappy marriage to Curley, showing once again how dreams are needed to be held onto. This has been an appropriate to study novel because it is a good way of learning about the life in America and the culture in the 1930s. The novel shows the different aspects of culture in America during the 1930s. You can learn about friendship at the time, living style, how woman were treated, racism and the dream of owning land. The most favourite part of this novel is the role of Curleys wife and how she treated by other people and how she reacts to it. This is what probably told me the most about the culture of America during the 1930s. The way that Steinbeck has depicted each character really demonstrates the life during the 1930s. This is why I feel that this has been an appropriate novel to study.

Lab Report Food Testing free essay sample

Food Tests Carbohydrates (Sugars and Starches) Reducing Sugars. The reducing sugars include all monosaccharides, Such as glucose and fructose, and some disaccharides, such as maltose. Use 0. 1 – 1% sugar solutions. Test for reducing sugar: Benedicts test: Add 2 cm3 of a solution of the reducing sugar to a test tube. Add an equal volume of benedicts solution. Shake and bring gently to the boil, shaking continuously to minimise spitting. Observation: The initial blue coloration of the mixture turns green, then yellowish and may finally form a brick red precipitate. Basis of test: Benedicts solution contains copper sulphate. Reducing sugars reduce soluble blue copper sulphate containing copper (II) ions (Cu2+) to insoluble red brown copper oxide containing copper (I). The latter is seen as a precipitate. Non- Reducing sugars. Non reducing sugars, the most common non reducing sugars is sucrose, a disacchriade. If reducing sugars have been shown to be absent (negative result in a above test) a brick red precipitate in the test below indicates the presence of a non reducing sugar. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Food Testing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If reducing sugars have been shown to be present, a heavier precipitate will be observed in the following test than with the reducing test if non reducing sugar is also present. Tests for non reducing sugar: Add 2 cm3 of sucrose solution to a test tube. Add 1 cm3 dilute Hydrochloric acid. Boil for 1 minute. Carefully neutralise with sodium hydrogencarbonate (Check with pH paper) Care is required because effervescence occurs. Carry out benedicts test. Observation: As benedicts test. Basis of test: Disaccharide can be hydrolysed to it’s monosaccharade constituents by boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid. Sucrose is hydrolysed to glucose and fructose, both of which are reducing sugars and give the reducing sugar result with the benedicts test. Test for starch: Iodine/potassium iodide test. Add 2cm3 of 1%starch solution to a test tube. Add a few drops of iodine potassium solution. Alternatively add the latter to the solid for of starch. Observation: A blue-black colouration. Basis of test: A polyiodide complex is formed with starch. Test for a lipid: Emulsion test: Add 2cm3 fat or oil to a test tube containing 2cm3 of absolute ethanol. Dissolve the lipid by shaking vigorously. Add an equal amount of cold water. Observation: A cloudy white suspension. Basis of test: Lipids are immiscible with water. Adding water to a solution of the lipid in alcohol results in emulsion of tiny droplets in the water which reflect light and give a white , opalescent appearance. Test for a protein: Biuret test: Add 2cm3 protein solution to a test tube. Add an equal volume of 5% potassium hydroxide solution and mix. Add 2 drops of 1% copper sulphate solution and mix. No heating is required. Observation: A mauve or purple colour develops slowly. Basis of test: A test for peptide bonds. In the presence of dilute copper sulphate in alkaline solution, nitrogen atoms in the peptide chain for a purple complex with copper(II) ions (Cu2+). Buiret is a compound derived from urea which also contains the –COHN- group and gives positive results.

18 Best Love Flowers A Practical Guide to Romantic Flowers

18 Best Love Flowers A Practical Guide to Romantic Flowers SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Buying flowers for a significant other can be a nerve-wracking experience. You want to choose a bouquet that’s in your budget, pretty, and will send the right message. Luckily, we’re here to help you craft the perfect bouquet of love flowers. In this article, we’ll first discuss what factors are important to consider when crafting romantic bouquets and Valentine’s flowers. Then, we’ll provide suggestions for the most appropriate flowers for the early phases of a new relationship, an established relationship, weddings, and anniversaries. We’ll wrap up with some flowers to avoid for romantic purposes. 4 Key Considerations When Creating a Romantic Bouquet There are several factors to consider as you try to choose the best flowers for love and romance purposes. Some are more practical, like cost and availability. But you should also consider the flower’s symbolic message and the personality of the recipient. Cost There are a couple of facets to cost: how much you can actually afford, and what cost level is appropriate for the occasion and relationship. Only you can really determine how much you can afford. But there are romantic flowers at pretty much all price points, and we’ve provided a helpful price index for all the flowers listed in this article: $ = 3 dollars per stem $$ = 8 dollars per stem $$$ = 8+ dollars per stem In terms of what is appropriate, in the early stages of a relationship, spending hundreds of dollars on an elaborate arrangement may come across as too much. You want to charm the recipient, not alarm them! However, it’s quite appropriate to be more extravagant in the context of a longer, more established relationship to mark significant milestones or occasions, if your finances allow it. For events like weddings, you might spend quite a lot on flowers. The Knot advises that you can expect to spend around 8% of your total wedding budget on all the flowers. For the budget-conscious, the Huffington Post has some sage tips on keeping wedding flower costs down. Buckets of wedding flowers could cost buckets of money! Seasonality/Availability/Climate Consider what love flowers are in season at any given point in time. Flowers that are in season locally will almost invariably be cheaper than something that has to be flown in from a thousand miles away. And some rarer flowers may simply not be available at particular points in the year. Seasonality is listed in this guide, but if you want further guidance as to what’s available at a given point in the year, consult with a florist. Additionally, flowers that do well in your particular climate will last longer and look better over time. This is especially true for any situation where the flowers will be outside and/or out of water for a long time. (Read: weddings). Symbolic Message After you’ve considered the practical parameters of your flower-buying endeavor, consider what the flowers you’re sending mean. Some meanings are obvious and well-known: red roses signify passionate love. Others, like the sweet pea, have less obvious meanings. (The sweet pea signifies lasting pleasure and bliss, FYI). However, the most meaningful bouquet will carry some symbolic significance beyond just â€Å"these flowers are pretty and I like/love you.† (That is a fine message to be sending! Just not the most thoughtful). There are also a few flowers you may want to avoid gifting due to their symbolic significance as specifically un-romantic flowers. See the last section of this article for a note on those. Ranunculus and white roses: means "you are charming," new beginnings, and soul deep love. Personality of the Recipient Unless someone actively dislikes flowers (which is possible and something you should try to find out before you give them to someone), most people will be happy to receive flowers of love from anyone they care about. However, for the most meaningful bouquet, consider the personality of the recipient. Are they a traditional romantic who would be happiest to get a bouquet of roses or lilies? Do they have subtle and subdued tastes better suited for lilac, aster, gladiolus, or sweet pea? Or maybe they are bold and unconventional and would appreciate bird-of-paradise or a potted orchid. Try your best to choose flowers that match the tastes of the recipient. Courtship and Early Romance Flowers When you’re trying to first express romantic feelings for someone or are in the earliest stages of a relationship, overly showy or intense flowers can come across as too much, too soon. However, subtler flowers with a more discreet message is a sweet and appropriate way to express romantic admiration. The following romantic flowers are excellent choices for the early stages of a new relationship. Aster Also called: Starwort, Michaelmas Daisy Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round; fall peak About This Love Flower The name â€Å"Aster† comes from the Greek and Latin words for â€Å"star.† Ancient Greek legend says the goddess Astraea looked down on earth from the sky and wept when she saw that there were no stars on earth. Her tears became the Aster flower. This flower represents daintiness, elegance, and small beginnings. It’s also a love talisman. These qualities make it an appropriate choice for the early stages of romance. The blooms are small and dainty and the flower comes in delicate, soothing colors of pink, white, purple, and blue. The aster expresses romantic admiration in a subtle and not overbearing way. Gerbera Daisy Also Called: Gerber Daisy, African Daisy, Transvaal Daisy Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The Gerbera daisy is a bright and cheerful flower that blooms in a huge variety of bright colors. They symbolize cheerfulness, joy, and innocence. Because they are fairly hardy and last well over a week when cut, they are a common bouquet flower at all times of the year. They are readily available for purchase and fairly affordable. Gerbera daisies will bring cheer in the early stage of a relationship as an early flower for love. Hyacinth Also Called: Hyacinthus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower The hyacinth flower gets its name from a Greek myth. Hyacinth was the young lover of Apollo, but Zephyr also admired Hyacinth. In his jealousy, he caused Apollo’s discus to strike Hyacinth, killing him. In his grief, Apollo transformed Hyacinth’s spilled blood into the hyacinth flower. As such, the hyacinth was dedicated to Apollo. Perhaps due to this myth, the hyacinth symbolizes young love. In 19th-century France, the flower communicated a kind of desperate, all-consuming love. The English connotation was more flirtatious and playful. In Victorian flower language, the different colors of purple, blue and white communicated different messages. Now, the message of young love remains, making hyacinth an ideal flower for a new courtship. Lilac Also Called: Syringa Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer About This Love Flower With its heady scent and clusters of tiny blooms, lilacs are a welcome sign of the coming summer. To the Victorians, this flower represented the first emotions of love. This symbolism still holds today, as the lilac represents the earliest blush of love and the beginning of summer. The lilac also represents the bittersweet sadness of new lovers when they are forced to part for even a moment. Lilac is not as commonly available for purchase as some of the other flowers described here. You probably won’t find it in the grocery store. However, it’s in many cutting gardens and you may be able to buy it through a dedicated florist. If you are lucky enough to have access to lilacs for cutting, a bouquet of fresh-cut lilac is a stunning gift for a new paramour. Ranunculus Also Called: Buttercup (some species in the genus) Cost Range (per stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round (winter-spring peak) About This Love Flower Small but lush ranunculus comes in many colors and makes a sweet bouquet. It sends the message that the recipient is charming and attractive- the perfect message for an early-romance gift! The message is the same regardless of the color, so pick whatever color your paramour will like best. These flowers can last up to a week in a vase. Valentine's Flowers and Romantic Flowers For a more established relationship, you may want to go with more opulent love flowers. Valentine’s day is a key occasion where your partner may want (or even expect!) beautiful flowers. We offer several floral options for a range of personalities and tastes that are appropriate for romantic occasions. Bird of Paradise Also Called: Strelitzia, crane flower Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring (tropical climates) About This Love Flower The exotic and striking Bird of Paradise is named for the tropical bird that it resembles. This showy flower signifies the wonderfully unexpected, magnificence, paradise, royalty, and joyfulness. For a lover who is bold and unconventional, an arrangement with bird of paradise captures an exuberant, opulent spirit. This makes it a perfect romantic flower for the right personality. This flower of lovesis native to South Africa. As the Bird of Paradise thrives in heat and humidity, they can be somewhat expensive outside of those climes. However, this flower is worth springing for to commemorate a truly special occasion! Carnations (Red) Also Called: Dianthus Caryophyllus, Clove Pink Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The hardy carnation is thought to be native to the Mediterranean region. The carnation has historically been associated with love and marriage. Renaissance portraits often depicted betrothed couples holding a carnation. Red carnations in particular send a message of intense love and admiration. Red carnations are an affordable Valentine bouquet option when other Valentine’s day flowers are out of reach of your budget. They are a good option for affordable love flowers and romantic bouquets in general. They can last up to three weeks when cut and communicate passionate love without breaking the bank. Gladiolus Also Called: Gladiola, Sword Lily Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, summer peak About This Love Flower With its blade-like sheaf of blooms, the gladiolus indicated to the Victorians that the receiver had pierced the sender’s heart. Now the flower symbolizes grace, fidelity, honor, and a strong character. Gladiolus is an excellent flower to express deep admiration for a significant other. It is especially appropriate for a more subtle personality- the type of person who might be overwhelmed by an enormous bouquet of oriental lilies or two dozen red roses. Lily Also Called: Lilium Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The lily is known for its notably sizable blooms. The genus has incredible variation in color and pattern. The lily has been a sacred flower since ancient times. In the ancient near east it was associated with Ishtar, the goddess of love and fertility. Similarly, in Rome, the lily was a symbol of Venus; in Greece, a symbol of Hera. As Christianity overtook older traditions, the lily came to be associated with the Virgin Mary. In the Victorian era, it was the highest flattery to compare a woman to the Virgin Mary. As such, comparing a woman to a lily, Mary’s emblem, was to pay her high honor indeed. The white lily in particular symbolized purity, chastity, innocence, and modesty. The connotations of purity still persist somewhat, particularly with the white lily. However, lilies have also come to signify perfection, majesty, and excellence. Thus, it is a high compliment to gift someone lilies. Many consider lilies to be an incredibly romantic flower. As a showy and even bombastic floral option, lilies are one of the most striking and magnificent flowers of love. For a Valentine’s bouquet or other romantic occasion, lilies are an excellent choice. However, note that lilies are very poisonous to cats. So only give in a cat-free household! Or if your significant other has a cat, consider sending the flowers to their workplace if you know they won’t mind. Orchid Also Called: Orchidaceae Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The tropical orchid family includes some of the most prized and exquisite of flowers. There are over 28,000 orchid species, displaying an astonishing variety of color, shape, size, and scent. The orchid symbolizes the exotic, the ecstatic, and the luxurious. It also signifies mature elegance, beauty, and refinement. However, orchids are not particularly common as a cut flower. This is because the actual flower stems are short, making the flowers incredibly hard to maintain in a bouquet. It’s more common to give an orchid as a potted houseplant. If your significant other has an interest in horticulture and would actually enjoy taking care of a plant, the orchid can be a romantic choice. The orchid is a meaningful romantic flower for love that sends the message that the receiver is highly prized and valued. But again- make sure your partner won’t be irritated that they need to take care of a plant! Roses (Red, Purple, or Orange) Also Called: Rosa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower Roses are associated with love and romance and have been for centuries. In ancient Greece, the red rose was associated with Aphrodite, goddess of love. It was also an emblem of her Roman counterpart, Venus. To the Victorians, the rose signified love, and the deeper the love, the deeper the color. Red roses meant passionate love. Today, the rose is still primarily associated with love and beauty. Red roses in particular carry the signal of passion, desire, and romantic love. Today, red Valentine roses have become so ubiquitous as to be almost cliche. However, while red roses are undeniably love flowers, Valentine’s day may not actually be the best occasion to gift them. The flowers will be dramatically more expensive (think up to 400% increase in cost). The blooms themselves may also be of lower quality. So for Valentine’s flowers, consider expressing your flower-love some other way. Say, with one of the other blooms in this section! If you must do Valentine’s day roses, consider opting for another color. Purple and orange roses also have romantic messages, and can make truly striking arrangements. Purple roses send a message of enchantment. Lavender roses connote love at first sight. A deeper purple speaks of majesty, fascination, and adoration. That’s a romantic message for sure! Purple roses are especially appropriate for a significant other with a mystical turn of mind. Orange roses mean fascination, desire, passion, and energy. It’s a supercharged, zingy romantic flower. Coral roses convey an intense desire. Sweet Pea Also Called: Lathyrus odoratus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower The sweet pea is native to the Mediterranean. This climbing flower emits a sweet honeyed scent when it blooms. With its profusion of blooms, it’s a well-loved choice for cutting gardens. It’s a little more difficult to find for purchase, but a specialty florist should be able to point you in the right direction. These blooms come in many colors, most commonly whites, pinks, blues and purples. The sweet pea was a hugely popular flower during the Victorian era, when it symbolized lasting pleasure and easy luxury. The sweet pea still symbolizes pleasure and bliss. If you’re looking for unique and sweet flowers for Valentine’s day or another romantic occasion, sweet peas fit the bill. Tulips (Red or Purple) Also Called: Tulipa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower Originally native to the mountains and steppes of central Asia, the perennial tulip has become one of the most popular flowers worldwide for both gardens and bouquets. The tulip is a romantic flower, whose strongest symbolic associations are with love and creativity. However, red and purple are the most romantic tulip colors by far. Red tulips signal a declaration of love. This symbolism comes from Persia. There, it’s said that the red of the petals represent the fire of the suitor’s love. The black center is the suitor’s heart, burned to coal by the strength and heat of their love. Purple tulips signify royalty. For an extra-special bouquet, consider mixing red and purple tulips. If you’re looking for an alternative to Valentine roses, tulips are a great choice. Tulips make great love flowers because of their vibrant blooms and meaningful symbolism. They also last a decent amount of time- about ten days- when cut. The Best Wedding Flowers Pretty much all of the flowers already mentioned would be appropriate for wedding bouquets, boutonnieres, centerpieces, etc. However, several additional flowers are particularly well-suited to weddings. Calla Lily Also Called: Zantedeschia aethiopica, arum lily, trumpet lily Cost Range (per stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round (summer peak) About This Love Flower The calla lily is named for the Greek word for â€Å"beautiful.† Interestingly, the calla lily does not actually have a bloom. The part we think of as the flower is actually a leaf. They come in many colors, including bright orange and striking purple. However, they are most commonly used for weddings in their white incarnation. Calla lilies symbolize majestic beauty. White calla lilies represent purity, modesty, marital bliss and devotion. Purple calla lilies would also be appropriate, as they symbolize royalty and passion. Calla lilies come in both large and small varieties, making them ideal for both bouquets and boutonnieres. Lily of the Valley Also Called: Convallaria majalis, May bells Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, spring peak About This Love Flower The humble but striking lily of the valley was the emblem of the Norse goddess of the dawn, Ostara. In Christian lore, it’s said that the lily of the valley sprang from the tears of Mary as she wept at the cross. The lily of the valley represents purity, sweetness, and a renewal of happiness. This makes it a great choice for a wedding bouquet- especially one that’s not too neat or fussy. It’s fairly expensive on a per-stem basis. But only a few are necessary to make a beautiful bouquet. It can also be accented nicely with other flowers. Orange Blossom Also Called: Citrus Sinensis Cost Range (Per Stem): Not a typical bouquet flower; discuss with a florist Seasonal Availability: Spring About This Love Flower When the orange tree blooms- usually in April- it bears beautiful, fragrant white flowers. These flowers are closely associated with weddings in many cultures. It’s said that the crusaders brought the practice back to Europe from the Middle East, where Saracen brides wore the blossoms as a symbol of fecundity. In Victorian England the blossoms came to signify a bride’s purity. In Japan, orange blossoms symbolize chastity and eternal love. The blossoms have remained symbolic of a fruitful marriage, loveliness, and innocence. For a traditional (and pleasantly fragrant) wedding flower experience, use orange blossoms in the bridal headpiece or bouquet. Roses (White) Also Called: Rosa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The white rose bears many different shades of meaning. It’s said that white roses accompanied the birth of Aphrodite from the sea. In the Christian era the white rose was associated with the Virgin Mary. To the Victorians, it signified chastity and innocence. The white rose most traditionally symbolizes purity. However, it also symbolizes new beginnings, loyalty, and soul-deep love. This make it a very appropriate wedding flower. Cream roses in particular are considered very bridal flowers. Stephanotis Also Called: Madagascar jasmine, bridal flower Cost Range (per stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower White, trumpet-shaped Stephanotis is native to Africa and heavily perfumed. Its also the quintessential wedding flower, as it symbolizes marital happiness. Its delicate blooms, sweet scent, and symbolic meaning make it an extremely popular flower for wedding bouquets and boutonnieres. It can be a filler in an arrangement with larger blooms, or clusters of stephanotis can be the focal point. Wedding Anniversary Flowers When you’re picking flowers for a wedding anniversary, first ask yourself: Do I want to give the traditional flower associated with the anniversary, or do I want to branch out? If your spouse doesn’t even know that there are specific anniversary flowers, you’re probably better off choosing something you know s/he will appreciate. Any of the romantic flower choices could be good choices for anniversary flowers. If, however, your think your spouse would appreciate receiving the traditional anniversary bouquet for your designated year of marriage, here’s a chart with the breakdown. (Note that past the fifteenth year, there aren’t flowers for every year anymore!) Chart Anniversary Flower 1st Carnation 2nd Lily of the valley 3rd Sunflower 4th Hydrangea 5th Daisy 6th Calla lily 7th Freesia 8th Lilac 9th Bird of paradise 10th Daffodil th Tulip 12th Peony 13th Chrysanthemum 14th Orchid 15th Roses 20th Aster 25th Iris 30th Lily 40th Gladiolus 50th Yellow roses and violets This could be a beautiful anniversary bouquet. Love Flowers To Avoid You have a lot of options for flowers of love. But what about flowers you should avoid? Here are a few types of flowers you may want to leave out of your romantic bouquets. Yellow Flowers Yellow flowers typically symbolize one of two things: platonic friendship or jealousy. Neither of these are particularly auspicious messages for romance. I’m not saying you can never send yellow flowers to someone you're in a relationship with: if yellow is their favorite color, or you have an established relationship and you want to send some cheer, yellow might be appropriate. But early in a relationship, you may want to avoid yellow’s ambiguous symbolism. Flowers With Un-romantic Symbolism In addition to yellow flowers, there are several other plant varieties that don't lend themselves to very romantic messages: A gift of narcissus indicates that the recipient is self-obsessed and egotistical. Not the most heartfelt and romantic message! Lavender signifies distrust, perhaps because it was frequently used to conceal unpleasant odors. A striped carnation signifies refusal of love. Snapdragons signify both graciousness and deception, so this is another flower that may be fraught with romantic peril. You might want to avoid these blooms. Flowers That Will Poison Your Pets or Children Nothing kills romance faster than a dead puppy. If your beloved has pets (or children) at home, avoid giving flowers that are poisonous to the household denizens! Some of the biggest poison culprits are lilies and calla lilies. You can look up other plants poisonous to children here and other plants poisonous to pets here. Remember, roses are edible- making them pretty much non-toxic to all! So they're generally a safe bet. Flowers That Trigger Allergies Does your beloved get hay fever? Then there are a few flowers you should avoid, unless you want them to sneeze whenever they get too close to your bouquet! The asteraceae family may trigger allergies. This family includes asters, dahlias, daisies, Gerbera daisies, and chrysanthemums. Lilies also have pollen, but you can trim off the stamens before gifting the flower, eliminating the problem. In general, flowers with smaller blooms produce more pollen than larger flowers, making them more of an issue for allergy sufferers. Definitely not a great flower for love! So definitely don't pick poisonous yellow flowers with lots of pollen! Key Takeaways: Finding the Perfect Love Flowers When it comes to buying romantic flowers, not all blooms are created equal! When choosing the best bouquet for a loved one, you’ll need to consider: Price: What can you afford, and what’s appropriate to spend? Seasonality/availability: what flowers are available? Symbolism: What flowers send the most appropriate symbolic message? Personality of the recipient: What flowers match the recipient’s style, taste, and personality? Different flowers are potentially appropriate for different points in a relationship. Flowers particularly appropriate for early in a courtship include the aster, the gerbera daisy, the hyacinth, the lilac, and the ranunculus. Blooms well-suited to romantic occasions and Valentine’s bouquets include the bird-of-paradise, red carnations, gladiolus, lilies, orchids, roses (orange, red, or purple), the sweet pea, and red or purple tulips. The most appropriate wedding flowers include the calla lily, the lily of the valley, orange blossoms, white roses, and stephanotis. For wedding anniversaries, you can give your significant other either the designated anniversary flower for your years of marriage or an appropriately romantic bouquet of your choosing. Here’s what you should avoid when crafting a romantic bouquet: Yellow flowers- they mean either platonic friendship or infidelity Flowers with negative or ambiguous symbolism, like narcissus, lavender, striped carnations, and snapdragons. Flowers poisonous to any pets or children that live at the recipient’s home Blooms that will trigger allergies, if the recipient has them Armed with this info, you’re ready to craft the most romantic bouquet the world (or at least your paramour) has ever seen!

Adverse effects of the PPT rule

Adverse effects of the PPT rule In the EU context, the ECJ case law cannot be ignored to interpret anti-abuse provisions such as the PPT rule. Apart from settle case law, I considered the recent decisions on French and German anti-abuse rules confirming the ECJ’s adherence to the familiar wholly artificial arrangement test. Abuse is considered to exist if the setting up of an intermediate or other holding company qualifies as wholly artificial arrangements. This is the case if the facts show that setting up or maintaining the holding company does not correspond to the freedom of establishment’s intended aim of promoting economic integration. For this to exist, a company must pursue genuine activities for an indefinite period through a fixed establishment in another Member State. This in turns requires the existence of premises, staff and equipment to carry out economic activities. The question of what facilities can be considered to constitute a sufficient physical presence depends on the nature of th e activities pursued. These facilities must in any event be proportionate for the activities that are to be carried out. Instead, passive activities, such as certain holding company activities, generally require few facilities. The further requirement is for the entity to perform genuine economic activities. Passive activities can in principle satisfy this requirement, unless the activities are so marginal that they can no longer be regarded as bearing any relationship to economic reality. It could potentially be concluded from the ECJ case law that pursuing passive activities without any accompanying provision of services does not constitute a genuine economic activity. The absence, therefore, of any services provided by the intermediate or other holding company to a group company or third party could suggest the lack of a link to economic reality. If arrangements are to qualify as abuse – and, therefore, as lacking an establishment – it also has to be determined whether the parent company was objectively seeking to obtain a tax advantage by setting up the secondary establishment. This will be the case if the facts demonstrate that the arrangements could not have any purpose other than a wish to escape tax. An aspect of critical importance is the link that a company has with the host Member State through its pursuit of genuine economic activities, whereby the term ‘genuine economic activities’ has to be interpreted widely. Even activities of a more passive nature, such as certain holding company activities, can in principle be covered by this term, providing the intermediate or other holding company has sufficient physical presence to perform the activities and the arrangements have not been put in place solely for the purposes of avoiding tax. Finally, I tried to exemplify the adverse effects that the PPT may generate in practice by simulating the application of the rule to an equity wall structure. I showed the reasons why the PPT rule may represent a stronger weapon in the hands of tax authorities.

Exercise is now known to benefit cognitive function in people of all Essay

Exercise is now known to benefit cognitive function in people of all ages. Describe the evidence that supports this statement - Essay Example Along with VO2max and brain oxygenation, the adults who participated in the study showed an improvement in their cognitive function after they finished the exercise program that was designed for them for four months (â€Å"Exercise Improves† & â€Å"Exercise makes†). Another research was conducted for people with mild cognitive problems such as those diagnosed with about an average of ten times the risk of having dementia. During the intervention of an aerobic exercise to the adult participants with mild cognitive impairment, the result of the study found that there was an improvement on the cognitive function of the participants. For the women, there was an observed change in the physical and chemical reaction that includes â€Å"better disposal of glucose, decreased fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, and brain –derived neurotrophic, while men showed an increase in their plasma level of insulin-like growth factor (Bankhead n.d).† Similarly, Kramer, Erickson, and Colcombe (2006) obtained a result showing an improvement of people, this time with anemia, found to have a positive effect of exercising to those who are already affected by dementia. Specifically, the controlled studies conducted by Baker, et al (n.d.), the effect of high-intensity aerobic exercise though geared towards the improvement of cognitive function, specifically identified the specific effects of exercise to men and women. While men’s plasma levels of insulin-like growth is increased, women’s disposal during the metabolic clamp is increased and the function of fasting plasma levels of insulin is decreased (Baker et al,